Chapter 5a - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Question 1

What are the properties of a genetic material

Answer 1

1. fidelity
2. stability
3. mutability
4. capacity
5. transmitability
6. translatability

Question 2

Evidence that point to DNA as the genetic material

Answer 2

1. DNA content (diploid) is relatively constant
2. amount of DNA in haploid tissues is half (ambot di ko kasabot sa sentence) that found in a newly formed diploid cell of the same individual
3. amount of DNA doubles during interphase then gets equally distributed to two daughter cells at anaphase
4. cells with polyploids have proportional increase in DNA content
5. UV absorption of DNA resulted in induction of mutation
6. transformation in bactera, transduction in Salmonella
7. New viral particles are produced in bacterial cells, where only viral DNA entered the cell and protein envelopes left outside

Question 3

• described the conversion of a non-pathogenic pneumococcal bacteria to a virulent strain
• the living non-virulent bacteria is mixed with a heat inactivated virulent form

Answer 3

Griffith’s Transformation Experiment

Question 4

what was done in Griffith’s Transformation Experiment

Answer 4

living non-virulent bacteria is mixed with a heat inactivated virulent form

Question 5

conclusion of the experiment by Avery, Macleod and McCarty

Answer 5

DNA is the molecule that carries the heritable information

Question 6

Two types of viral life cycle

Answer 6

1. lytic cycle
2. lysogenic cycle

Question 7

involves the reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses; the viruses then burst out of the cell.

Answer 7

lytic cycle

Question 8

involves the incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome, infecting it from within

Answer 8

lysogenic cycle

Question 9

What did the blender hypothesis experiment show

Answer 9

• T2 proteins remained outside host cell during infection
• T2 DNA enters cell

Question 10

radioactive T2 protein were grown where?

Answer 10

radioactive sulfur

Question 11

radioactive T2 DNA were grown where?

Answer 11

radioactive phosphorus

Question 12

nucleic acid structure

Answer 12

• phosphate group
• sugar group (deoxyribose, ribose)
• base

Question 13

linear sequence of nucleoides held together by bridging phosphates

Answer 13

primary structure

Question 14

took the X-ray diffraction photograph of DNA

Answer 14

Rosalind Franklin

Question 15

whom Rosalind Franklin “worked” for

Answer 15

Maurice Wilkins

Question 16

The rule that in DNA there is always equality in quantity between the bases A and T and between the bases G and C

Answer 16

Chargaff’s Rule

Question 17

distance between base pair

Answer 17

0.34 nm

Question 18

distance between each turn of helix

Answer 18

3.4 nm

Question 19

Variant forms of DNA

Answer 19

1. B DNA
2. A DNA
3. Z DNA
4. Triple-Helical DNA

Question 20

Two types of nucleic acid folding

Answer 20

1. Palindrome
2. Mirror repeat

Question 21

strand folds and forms base pairs with another section of the same strand

Answer 21

hairpin loop

Question 22

Organelles involved in making proteins

Answer 22

1. nucleus
2. ribosomes
3. endoplasmic reticulum
4. golgi apparatus
5. vesicles

Question 23

• produces ribosome
• build ribosome subunits from rRNA and proteins
• exit through nuclear pores to cytoplasm and combine to form functional ribosomes

Answer 23

nucleolus

Question 24

what does nucleolus build

Answer 24

rRNA and protein

Question 25

produces protein

Answer 25

ribosomes

Question 26

Types of ribosomes

Answer 26

1. free ribosomes
2. bound ribosomes

Question 27

• suspended in cytosol
• synthesize proteins that function in cytosol

Answer 27

free ribosomes

Question 28

• attached to endoplasmic reticulum
• synthesize proteins for export or for membranes

Answer 28

bound ribosomes