Chapter 6 Flashcards

(38 cards)

1
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that transport away from the heart

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2
Q

Arterioles

A

The smallest arteries that transport blood from larger arteries to the capillarie

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3
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A condition that involves loss of elasticity, thickening, and hardening of the arteries

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4
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) node

A

The specialized mass of conducting cells in the heart located at the atrioventricular junction

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5
Q

Baroreceptor

A

Stretch receptor located within the cardiovascular system that senses changes in blood pressure

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6
Q

Bradycardia

A

A resting heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute

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7
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest vessels transporting blood from the heart to the tissues and the actual sites of exchange

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8
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

The period that includes all events between two consecutive heartbeats

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9
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The volume of blood pumped out by the heart per minute; Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

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10
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

A sensory organ capable or reacting to a chemical stimulus

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11
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

A

The lowest arterial pressure, resulting from ventricular diastole (the resting phase)

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12
Q

Ejection Fraction (EF)

A

The fraction of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction, determined by dividing stroke volume by end-diastolic volume and expressed as a percentage

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13
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

A recording of the heart’s electrical activity

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14
Q

Electrocardiograph

A

A machine used to obtain an electrocardiogram

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15
Q

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

A

The volume of blood inside the left ventricle at the end of diastole, just before contraction

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16
Q

End-Systolic Volume (ESV)

A

The volume of blood remaining in the left ventricle at the end of the systole, just after contraction

17
Q

Extrinsic Neural Control

A

Redistribution of blood at the system or body level through neural mechanisms

18
Q

Heart Murmur

A

A condition in which abnormal heart valve sounds are detected with the aid of a stethoscope

19
Q

Hematocrit

A

The percentage of cells or formed elements in the total blood volume. More than 99% of the cells or formed elements are red blood cells

20
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Increased red blood cell concentration by increased production of cells

21
Q

Hemoglobin

A

The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that binds oxygen

22
Q

Intercalated Disks

A

Specialized cell junction in the myocardium where one muscle cell connects to the next

23
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

A

The average pressure exerted by the blood as it travels through the arteries. It is estimated as: MAP = DBP + [0.333 x (SBP - DBP)]

24
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

An end organ that responds to changes in mechanical stress, such as stress, compression, or distension

25
Muscle Pump
The rhythmic mechanical compression of the veins that occurs during skeletal muscle contraction in many types of movement and exercise - such as walking and running - and assists the return of blood to the heart
26
Myocardium
The muscle of the heart
27
Pericardium
A double-layered outer covering of the heart
28
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)
A common cardiac arrhythmia that results in the feeling of skipped or extra beats caused by impulses originating outside the SA node
29
Purkinje Fibers
The terminal branches of the AV bundle that transmit impulses through the ventricles six times faster than through the rest of the cardiac conduction system
30
Sinoatrial (AV) Node
A group of specialized myocardial cells, located in the wall of the right atrium, that control the heart's rate of contraction; the pacemaker of the heart
31
Stroke Volume (SV)
The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during contraction; the difference between the end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume
32
Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
The greatest arterial blood pressure, resulting from systole (the contracting phase of the heart)
33
Tachycardia
A resting heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute
34
Vasoconstriction
The constriction of narrowing of blood vessels
35
Vasodilation
The dilation or widening of blood vessels
36
Veins
Blood vessels that transport blood back to the heart
37
Ventricular Fibrillation
A serious cardiac arrhythmia in which the contraction of the ventricular tissue is uncoordinated, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood
38
Ventricular Tachycardia
A serious cardiac arrhythmia consisting of three of more consecutive premature ventricular contrations