Chapter 6

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Blood vessels that transport away from the heart

Question 2

Arterioles

Answer 2

The smallest arteries that transport blood from larger arteries to the capillarie

Question 3

Atherosclerosis

Answer 3

A condition that involves loss of elasticity, thickening, and hardening of the arteries

Question 4

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 4

The specialized mass of conducting cells in the heart located at the atrioventricular junction

Question 5

Baroreceptor

Answer 5

Stretch receptor located within the cardiovascular system that senses changes in blood pressure

Question 6

Bradycardia

Answer 6

A resting heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

The smallest vessels transporting blood from the heart to the tissues and the actual sites of exchange

Question 8

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 8

The period that includes all events between two consecutive heartbeats

Question 9

Cardiac Output

Answer 9

The volume of blood pumped out by the heart per minute; Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

Question 10

Chemoreceptor

Answer 10

A sensory organ capable or reacting to a chemical stimulus

Question 11

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

Answer 11

The lowest arterial pressure, resulting from ventricular diastole (the resting phase)

Question 12

Ejection Fraction (EF)

Answer 12

The fraction of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction, determined by dividing stroke volume by end-diastolic volume and expressed as a percentage

Question 13

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer 13

A recording of the heart’s electrical activity

Question 14

Electrocardiograph

Answer 14

A machine used to obtain an electrocardiogram

Question 15

End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

Answer 15

The volume of blood inside the left ventricle at the end of diastole, just before contraction

Question 16

End-Systolic Volume (ESV)

Answer 16

The volume of blood remaining in the left ventricle at the end of the systole, just after contraction

Question 17

Extrinsic Neural Control

Answer 17

Redistribution of blood at the system or body level through neural mechanisms

Question 18

Heart Murmur

Answer 18

A condition in which abnormal heart valve sounds are detected with the aid of a stethoscope

Question 19

Hematocrit

Answer 19

The percentage of cells or formed elements in the total blood volume. More than 99% of the cells or formed elements are red blood cells

Question 20

Hematopoiesis

Answer 20

Increased red blood cell concentration by increased production of cells

Question 21

Hemoglobin

Answer 21

The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that binds oxygen

Question 22

Intercalated Disks

Answer 22

Specialized cell junction in the myocardium where one muscle cell connects to the next

Question 23

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Answer 23

The average pressure exerted by the blood as it travels through the arteries. It is estimated as: MAP = DBP + [0.333 x (SBP - DBP)]

Question 24

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 24

An end organ that responds to changes in mechanical stress, such as stress, compression, or distension

Question 25

Muscle Pump

Answer 25

The rhythmic mechanical compression of the veins that occurs during skeletal muscle contraction in many types of movement and exercise - such as walking and running - and assists the return of blood to the heart

Question 26

Myocardium

Answer 26

The muscle of the heart

Question 27

Pericardium

Answer 27

A double-layered outer covering of the heart

Question 28

Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)

Answer 28

A common cardiac arrhythmia that results in the feeling of skipped or extra beats caused by impulses originating outside the SA node

Question 29

Purkinje Fibers

Answer 29

The terminal branches of the AV bundle that transmit impulses through the ventricles six times faster than through the rest of the cardiac conduction system

Question 30

Sinoatrial (AV) Node

Answer 30

A group of specialized myocardial cells, located in the wall of the right atrium, that control the heart's rate of contraction; the pacemaker of the heart

Question 31

Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 31

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during contraction; the difference between the end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume

Question 32

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Answer 32

The greatest arterial blood pressure, resulting from systole (the contracting phase of the heart)

Question 33

Tachycardia

Answer 33

A resting heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute

Question 34

Vasoconstriction

Answer 34

The constriction of narrowing of blood vessels

Question 35

Vasodilation

Answer 35

The dilation or widening of blood vessels

Question 36

Veins

Answer 36

Blood vessels that transport blood back to the heart

Question 37

Ventricular Fibrillation

Answer 37

A serious cardiac arrhythmia in which the contraction of the ventricular tissue is uncoordinated, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood

Question 38

Ventricular Tachycardia

Answer 38

A serious cardiac arrhythmia consisting of three of more consecutive premature ventricular contrations