Chapter 6 Flashcards
(38 cards)
Arteries
Blood vessels that transport away from the heart
Arterioles
The smallest arteries that transport blood from larger arteries to the capillarie
Atherosclerosis
A condition that involves loss of elasticity, thickening, and hardening of the arteries
Atrioventricular (AV) node
The specialized mass of conducting cells in the heart located at the atrioventricular junction
Baroreceptor
Stretch receptor located within the cardiovascular system that senses changes in blood pressure
Bradycardia
A resting heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute
Capillaries
The smallest vessels transporting blood from the heart to the tissues and the actual sites of exchange
Cardiac Cycle
The period that includes all events between two consecutive heartbeats
Cardiac Output
The volume of blood pumped out by the heart per minute; Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
Chemoreceptor
A sensory organ capable or reacting to a chemical stimulus
Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)
The lowest arterial pressure, resulting from ventricular diastole (the resting phase)
Ejection Fraction (EF)
The fraction of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction, determined by dividing stroke volume by end-diastolic volume and expressed as a percentage
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
A recording of the heart’s electrical activity
Electrocardiograph
A machine used to obtain an electrocardiogram
End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)
The volume of blood inside the left ventricle at the end of diastole, just before contraction
End-Systolic Volume (ESV)
The volume of blood remaining in the left ventricle at the end of the systole, just after contraction
Extrinsic Neural Control
Redistribution of blood at the system or body level through neural mechanisms
Heart Murmur
A condition in which abnormal heart valve sounds are detected with the aid of a stethoscope
Hematocrit
The percentage of cells or formed elements in the total blood volume. More than 99% of the cells or formed elements are red blood cells
Hematopoiesis
Increased red blood cell concentration by increased production of cells
Hemoglobin
The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that binds oxygen
Intercalated Disks
Specialized cell junction in the myocardium where one muscle cell connects to the next
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
The average pressure exerted by the blood as it travels through the arteries. It is estimated as: MAP = DBP + [0.333 x (SBP - DBP)]
Mechanoreceptors
An end organ that responds to changes in mechanical stress, such as stress, compression, or distension