Chapter 6

Question 1

Refers to a whole group of people formedby unrelated individuals.

Answer 1

Aggregate

Question 2

Refers to the condition of powerlessness, estrangement or dissociation from the workplace and or society.

Answer 2

Alienation

Question 3

Is the power, knowledge, information and popularity gained as a result of the bonding that occurs between homogeneous individuals.

Answer 3

Bonding social capital

Question 4

Involves networking withindividuals who are heterogeneous.

Answer 4

Bridging social capital

Question 5

Is a major mechanism and principle that can manage formal organizations more efficiently and rationally.

Answer 5

Bureaucracy

Question 6

Is the tendency of bureaucracy to perpetuate itself and take on a life of its own; it can serve to prevent organizations from making beneficial changes.

Answer 6

Bureaucratic inertia

Question 7

Refers to the spread of bureaucratic principles to a wide range of organizations, especially rational/quantitative methods for achieving efficiency.

Answer 7

Bureaucratization

Question 8

Refers to a class or division of peopleregarded as having shared characteristics.

Answer 8

Category

Question 9

Is the process of widening one’s social network via social media on the Internet.

Answer 9

Cyberspace networking

Question 10

Refers to the transformation from high-skilled labor to semiskilled or deskilled labor through the use of technology.

Answer 10

Deskilling

Question 11

Is a large, structured, secondary group. It is purposefully created to achieve specific goals.

Answer 11

Formal organization

Question 12

Refers to the transparent mechanism (like a glass ceiling) that prevents women orminority members from moving up in an organization.

Answer 12

Glass ceiling effect

Question 13

Refers to the original goal beingdisplaced by something else.

Answer 13

Goal displacement

Question 14

Refers to behavior that yields to other group members when they are the majority, or have more power, money and prestige.

Answer 14

Group conformity

Question 15

Refers to the phenomenon in which group members try to minimize conflicts and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation.

Answer 15

Group think

Question 16

Is a pure form or an abstract model of the
characteristics of a phenomenon such as a bureaucracy

Answer 16

Ideal type

Question 17

Refers to bending rules and informal ways of getting things done in organizations.

Answer 17

Informal organization structure

Question 18

Refers to the “people like us” (PLUS) orour “us” vs. “them” feelings.

Answer 18

In-groups

Question 19

Means that an organization’s power is concentrated in the hands of a few at the top.

Answer 19

Iron law of oligarchy

Question 20

Refers to the business model derived from the McDonald’s fast-food chain that focuses on efficiency, calculability, predictability and control.

Answer 20

McDonalization

Question 21

Refers to technical training that is too narrow and specialized, leading to a lack of general capability.

Answer 21

Trained incapacity

Question 22

Is a detailed management style resulting from a strict division of labor.

Answer 22

Micromanagament

Question 23

Is an approach used to widen one’s social network, cultivate relationships and know more people

Answer 23

Networking

Question 24

Are structured secondary groups that have been deliberately created to achieve specific goals efficiently.

Answer 24

Organizations

Question 25

Refer to the people who don’t belong tothe “us” categories.

Answer 25

Out-groups

Question 26

Are groups that are small, informal and personal.

Answer 26

Primary groups

Question 27

Is the process by which society becomes increasingly dominated by regulation, standardization and bureaucratization.

Answer 27

Rationalization

Question 28

Are the groups to which we compare ourselves.

Answer 28

Reference group

Question 29

Refers to the certain tasks in organizations that are routine; no one questions the reasons behind them.

Answer 29

Routinization

Question 30

Are groups that are usually large in size; they are usually formal, impersonal and utilitarian

Answer 30

Secondary groups

Question 31

Refers to the connections amongpeople that cause social cohesion.

Answer 31

Social captial

Question 32

Are groups with a common goal; group members know each other by name and have long-term interactions.

Answer 32

Social groups

Question 33

Refers to our social positions in a society.

Answer 33

Social identity

Question 34

Are the connections or relationships we have with other people.

Answer 34

Social networks

Question 35

Refer to the original goals or mission statement of an organization.

Answer 35

Superordinate goals

Question 36

Is the hiring or promoting of a minority member to a position to fill a quota.

Answer 36

Tokenism