Chapter 6

Question 1

A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lungs, and airways.

Answer 1

Cardiorespiratory System

Question 2

A system of the body, also known as the circulatory system, that transports blood to tissues of the body.

Answer 2

Cardiovascular System

Question 3

Chamber within the chest that contains the heart and lungs.

Answer 3

Thoracic Cavity

Question 4

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest (e.g., heart, esophagus) except the lungs.

Answer 4

Mediastinum

Question 5

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.

Answer 5

Skeletal Muscle

Question 6

An involuntary nonstriated muscle type that is found in organs.

Answer 6

Smooth Muscle

Question 7

Superior chamber(s) of the heart that gathers blood returning to the heart.

Answer 7

Atrium

Question 8

Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body.

Answer 8

Ventricles

Question 9

The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest.

Answer 9

Resting Heart Rate

Question 10

Located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat.

Answer 10

Sinoatrial Node

Question 11

Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles.

Answer 11

Atrioventricular Node

Question 12

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

Answer 12

Stroke Volume

Question 13

The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.

Answer 13

End-diastolic volume

Question 14

The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.

Answer 14

End-systolic-volume

Question 15

When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.

Answer 15

Bradycardia

Question 16

When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.

Answer 16

Tachycardia

Question 17

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.

Answer 17

Blood Vessels

Question 18

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and to the lungs.

Answer 18

Arteries

Question 19

The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues.

Answer 19

Capillaries

Question 20

Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and then to the lungs.

Answer 20

Veins

Question 21

Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries.

Answer 21

Arterioles

Question 22

Small veins that allow blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.

Answer 22

Venules

Question 23

The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the veins (venous return) or backflow.

Answer 23

Venous Pooling

Question 24

The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/ diastolic.

Answer 24

Blood Pressure

Question 25

The amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow.

Answer 25

Peripheral Resistance

Question 26

A bodily system, also known as the pulmonary system, that brings oxygen into the lungs from breathed air while removing carbon dioxide from the lungs into the outside air; includes airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles.

Answer 26

Respiratory System

Question 27

Respiratory rate that is too fast; greater than 24 breaths per minute.

Answer 27

Tachypnea

Question 28

Respiratory rate that is too slow; fewer than 8 breaths per minute.

Answer 28

Bradypnea

Question 29

Shortness of breath or labored breathing.

Answer 29

Dyspnea

Question 30

The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.

Answer 30

Lipolysis

Question 31

Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. Target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated.

Answer 31

Target Cell

Question 32

Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.

Answer 32

Substrate

Question 33

Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.

Answer 33

Catabolic

Question 34

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).

Answer 34

Gluconeogenesis

Question 35

Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.

Answer 35

Anabolic

Question 36

Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.

Answer 36

Insulin-like Growth Factor

Question 37

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.

Answer 37

Basal Metabolic Rate

Question 38

In the digestive system, refers to movements of the anatomical structures that allow contents to pass through.

Answer 38

Motility

Question 39

The muscle action of the gastrointestinal system that pushes food through the body during digestion.

Answer 39

Peristalsis