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Biology 115 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Cephal/o

A

head

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2
Q

Cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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3
Q

Cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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4
Q

Dur/o

A

tough

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5
Q

Encephal/o

A

brain

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6
Q

Gangli/o

A

ganglion

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7
Q

Gli/o

A

glue

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8
Q

Medull/o

A

medulla

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9
Q

Mening/o

A

meninges

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10
Q

Myel/o

A

spinal cord

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11
Q

Neur/o

A

nerve

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12
Q

Poli/o

A

gray matter

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13
Q

Afferent

A

in the direction toward the brain or spinal cord in the nervous system

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14
Q

Efferent

A

in the direction away from the brain or spinal cord in the nervous system

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15
Q

Somatomotor

A

type of nerve message used to stimulate skeletal muscles to move the body

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16
Q

Autonomic

A

type of nerve message that goes to glands, the cardiac muscle of the heart, or the smooth muscle of hollow organs and blood vessels

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17
Q

Parasympathetic

A

division of the autonomic nervous system that sends electrical messages to carry out functions for vegetative activities such as digestion, defecation, and urination

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18
Q

Sympathetic

A

division of the autonomic nervous system that sends electrical messages to prepare the body for physical activity often referred as fight or flight

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19
Q

Neuroglia

A

cells that aid neurons in their function

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20
Q

Dendrite

A

portion of a neuron that receives information

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21
Q

Axon

A

portion of a neuron that carries electrical impulses along its length from the cell body to the synaptic knobs at the end of the neuron

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22
Q

Synapse

A

junction formed by the neuron’s synaptic knob with another cell - gland cell, muscle cell, or dendrite of another neuron

23
Q

Myelin

A

a lipid-rich intermittent covering over the axons of some neurons. gaps in the myelin sheath are called nodes of ranvier

24
Q

White Matter

A

concentration of myelinated axons in the brain and spinal cord

24
Q

Gray Matter

A

concentration of dendrites, cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons in the brain and spinal cord

25
Q

Fascicle

A

bundle of axons

26
Q

Nerve Fiber

A

a single neuron

27
Q

Endoneurium

A

connective tissue surrounding the axon of a singe neuron

28
Q

Perineurium

A

connective tissue surrounding a fascicle

29
Q

Epineurium

A

connective tissue surrounding a bundle of fascicles

30
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

a difference in charge across the cell membrane of a neuron created by the presence if many large negative ions inside in the cell and many positive sodium ions outside the cell

31
Q

Depolarized

A

to change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the flow of Na+ into the cell

32
Q

Repolarize

A

to change the charge across the cell membrane of a neuron by the opening of K+ channels to allow the flow of K+

33
Q

Local Potential

A

the flow of electricity begun by stimulating the dendrite of a neuron

34
Q

Decremental

A

decrease with distance

35
Q

Action Potential

A

the flow of electricity along an axon of a neuron in one direction - from the trigger zone to the synaptic knob

36
Q

Reflex

A

an involuntary, predictable, motor response to a stimulus without conscious thought

37
Q

Aphasia

A

any language deficit resulting from damage to either Wernicke’s or Broca’s area

38
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

A

a condition that happens when part of the brain dies due to a lack of blood supply, also called a stroke

39
Q

Rabies Virus

A

a virus transmitted by infected animals to humans, causes acute encephalitis

40
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

a progressive, irreversible disease of the brain that is characterized by dementia

41
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

a group of symptoms that occur following injury to the brain prenatally, perinatally, or postnatally

42
Q

Concussion

A

injury of the brain resulting from impact

43
Q

Depression

A

a mental disorder caused by an imbalance of neurotransmitters that affects a person’s mood by altering the way he or she feels, thinks, eats, and works

44
Q

Encephalitis

A

swelling of the brain that is usually caused by a bacterial of viral infection

45
Q

Epilepsy

A

a condition that is characterized by recurring seizures

46
Q

Gliomas

A

tumor cells formed by neuroglia

47
Q

Huntington’s Disease

A

a genetic disease that destroys brain cells responsible for movement and coordination

48
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

a condition resulting from excess cerebrospinal fluid buildup in the brain

49
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of the membranes surrounding he brain and spinal cord

50
Q

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A

a disease characterized by demyelination of the axon

51
Q

Paralysis

A

a loss of muscle function due to an interruption in the pathway between the brain and muscles

52
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

a degenerative disorder of the brain characterized by tremors and slow, uncoordinated movements

53
Q
A

Biology 115 (7 decks)

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