Chapter 8

Question 1

Aden/o

Answer 1

gland

Question 2

Adren/o

Answer 2

adrenal glands

Question 3

Adrenal/o

Answer 3

adrenal glands

Question 4

Andr/o

Answer 4

male

Question 5

Cortic/o

Answer 5

cortex

Question 6

Crin/o

Answer 6

secrete

Question 7

Dips/o

Answer 7

thirst

Question 8

Gluc/o

Answer 8

sugar

Question 9

Glyc/o

Answer 9

sugar

Question 10

Gonad/o

Answer 10

sex glands

Question 11

Hormon/o

Answer 11

hormone

Question 12

Pancreat/o

Answer 12

pancreas

Question 13

Ster/o

Answer 13

steroid

Question 14

Thyr/o

Answer 14

thyroid gland

Question 15

Hormone

Answer 15

chemical used in the endocrine system to carry messages

Question 16

Gland

Answer 16

a structure on its own or groups of cells within an organ that function to produce hormones

Question 17

Target Tissue

Answer 17

cells of a tissue that have receptors for a specific hormone

Question 18

Receptor

Answer 18

shape-specific binding site for a hormone

Question 19

Pineal Gland

Answer 19

Secretes melatonin
Targets brain and hypothalamus

Helps regulate daily biological rhythms; inhibits GnRH production

Question 20

Hypothalamus

Answer 20

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) = anterior pituitary
Stimulates secretion of FSH and LH
CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) = anterior pituitary
Stimulates secretion of ACTH
GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone) = anterior pituitary
Stimulates secretion of GH

Question 21

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 21

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) = thyroid
Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone and growth of the thyroid
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) = adrenal cortex
Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids and growth of the adrenal cortex
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) = 1.Ovaries 2.Testes
1.Stimulates secretion of estrogen 2.Stimulates sperm production
LH (luteinizing hormone) = 1.Ovaries 2.Testes
1.Stimulates ovulation 2.Stimulates secretion of testosterone
GH (growth hormone) = liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, adipose tissue
Stimulates widespread tissue growth

Question 22

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 22

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) = kidneys
Increases water retention
Oxytocin = 1.Uterus 2.Lactating breasts
1.Stimulates uterine contractions 2.Stimulates release of milk

Question 23

Parathyroids

Answer 23

PTH (parathyroid hormone) = 1.Osteoclasts 2.Kidneys 3.Small intestine
1.Stimulates bone reabsorption to increase blood calcium levels 2.Stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys to maintain blood calcium levels 3.Stimulates calcium absorption

Question 24

Pancreas

Answer 24

Glucagon = Liver
Stimulates glycogen conversion to glucose and then its secretion to raise blood glucose levels

Question 25

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 25

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) = Kidneys Promote sodium (Na+) and water reabsorption; promote potassium (k+) excretion; maintain blood volume and pressure Glucocorticoids (cortisol) = Most tissues Stimulate the breakdown of protein and fat to make glucose; suppress the immune system; reduce inflammation Androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) = Most tissues Precursors to testosterone, responsible for male secondary sex characteristics and for sex drive in both sexes

Question 26

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 26

Epinephrine = Most tissues Raises metabolic rate; increases heart and respiration rates; increases blood glucose levels (complements sympathetic nervous system)

Question 27

Thyroid Hormone

Answer 27

collective term for both T3 and T4

Question 28

Pancreatic Islets

Answer 28

1 to 2 million groups of endocrine cells in the pancreas that produce the hormones insulin and glucagon

Question 29

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 29

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that promote sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion and the kidney to maintain blood volume and pressure

Question 30

Glucocorticoids

Answer 30

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that stimulate the breakdown of protein and fat to make glucose, suppress the immune system, and reduce inflammation

Question 31

Androgens

Answer 31

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that are responsible for male secondary sex characteristics and for sex drive in both genders

Question 32

Gonads

Answer 32

the ovaries in women and the testes inmne

Question 33

Second Messenger

Answer 33

chemical created by the binding of a hormone in a receptor on the cell membrane. the second messenger then carries the info to where it is needed to the cell to initiate the function of the hormone

Question 34

Autocrine

Answer 34

refers to the secretion of a hormone by the cells of the same tissue that it targets

Question 35

Paracrine

Answer 35

refers to hormones that work on neighboring cells without having to go through the blood to get to the target tissue

Question 36

Endocrine

Answer 36

term that refers to hormones that travel through the blood to get to their target tissue

Question 37

Pheromone

Answer 37

refers to chemicals that cause a response outside the body in another individual

Question 38

Plasma Proteins

Answer 38

transport protein (made by the liver) that binds to a hormone in the blood to extend its half-life

Question 39

Up-Regulation

Answer 39

an increase in the number of receptors for a given hormone, causing the cell to become more sensitive to the hormone

Question 40

Down-Reglation

Answer 40

a decrease in the number of receptors for a given hormone, causing the cell to become less sensitive to the hormone

Question 41

Half-life

Answer 41

the length of time it takes for one-half of a substance to be eliminated from the cardiovascular system