Chapter 6 Flashcards

(96 cards)

1
Q

What is the practice of giving government jobs based on party loyalty and other supporters?

A

The spoils system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did President Jackson consider the idea of nullification?

A

Treason.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What became known as the death of 4,000 Cherokee as they were forced from their homes in Georgia to Oklahoma?

A

The Trail of Tears.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where did Andrew Jackson declare his intentions to remove all native Americans to in his Inaugural address?

A

The Great Plains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where did the Nullification Crisis of the 1830’s take place?

A

South Carolina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What system did President Jackson support because he believed it opened up the government to more ordinary people?

A

The spoils system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What did the Nullification Crisis begin over in 1828?

A

The Tariff of Abominations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What provided funds to move all Native American tribes in the East to the Great Plains?

A

The Indian Removal Act.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is suffrage also known as?

A

The right to vote.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the idea that states had the right to declare laws invalid?

A

Nullification.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the act of withdrawing from the Union associated with threats made by leaders in South Carolina?

A

Secession.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who did the increase in suffrage in the first half of the 19th Century really only apply to?

A

White men.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was the ruling by John Marshall in the case Cherokee vs. Georgia?

A

Georgia could not make the Cherokee leave because Georgia law did not apply there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What qualifications did many states in the USA lower that led to an increase in suffrage?

A

Property ownership qualifications for voting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Between 1815 and 1860, the US experienced a massive influx of immigrants, mostly from _

A

Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Immigrants supplied a large source of _ for American industries, but many citizens feared the influence of so many foreigners.

A

labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The largest group in the wave of immigrants that swept into the US between 1815-1860 came from _.

A

Ireland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most Irish immigrants were fleeing the _ (crop) famine.

A

potato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most Irish immigrants arrived with no money and few skills and settled in the cities of the _.

A

Northeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most Irish immigrants worked as _ _ and _.

A

unskilled laborers and servants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The 2nd largest group of immigrants, over 1 million of them, were from _.

A

Germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most German immigrants had money to buy land in _ and _.

A

Ohio and Pennsylvania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_ is the hostility toward foreigners.

A

nativism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Many of the new immigrants faced discrimination: many Americans were also anti-_

A

Catholic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The influx of Irish Catholics led to groups pledging never to vote for a Catholic and wanted laws banning _ and _ from holding office.
immigrants and Catholics
26
In 1854, the _ Party formed (Nativist) - membership was secret.
American
27
When questioned about their membership, they would reply, 'I _ _ _.'
know nothing
28
In the early 1800s, religious leaders organized to revive Americans’ commitment to religion in a movement that became known as The _ _ _.
Second Great Awakening
29
Religious leaders preached that ALL people could attain _ through _.
grace through faith
30
Charles Finney warned against using _ to change society.
politics
31
Charles Finney believed that _ ideas should reform people from within.
Christian
32
_ reject the idea that Jesus was the son of God but argued that he was a great teacher.
Unitarians
33
_ rejected the idea of Hell; God intended to save everyone.
Universalists
34
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' followers are called _.
Mormons
35
The Church was founded by _ _ and he published the Book of Mormon.
Joseph Smith
36
Local residents murdered Joseph Smith and their new leader, _ _, led them to what would become _.
Brigham Young; Utah
37
_ Communities believed society had been corrupted by human nature and that the solution was to _ from society and form a _.
Utopian; separate; utopia
38
One group, the _ did not believe in marrying or having children, so they had to increase by making converts.
Shakers
39
The 2nd Great Awakening influenced _ and thinkers.
philosophers
40
Many leading thinkers adopted the tenets of _ which advocated the supremacy of feeling, spirituality, the individual, and nature.
romanticism
41
_ urged people to transcend, or overcome, the limits of their minds.
Transcendentalism
42
_ _ _ wrote the essay, 'Nature' in which he wrote that fulfillment comes from commune with nature.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
43
_ _ _ wrote 'Walden', a journal of his thoughts, emotions and experiences as he lived for two years out in a handmade cabin near Walden Pond.
Henry David Thoreau
44
The movement of the early 1800s known as _ advocated feeling over reason, inner spirituality over external rules.
romanticism
45
The ___, Romanticism and the Transcendentalist movements of the 1800s motivated people to solve the problems in American society
2nd Great Awakening ## Footnote These movements emphasized individualism and social reform.
46
What were created to spread Christianity and played a big part in reforming society in America?
Benevolent societies
47
As a result of the efforts of _ _, more than a dozen states enacted sweeping prison reforms during the 1840s and created special institutions for the mentally ill.
Dorothea Dix
48
What term refers to better prison facilities for inmates?
Penitentiaries
49
In penitentiaries, prison guards urged inmates to have penitence, or ______, for their crimes.
Remorse
50
What type of consumption was widespread in the early 1800s?
Alcohol ## Footnote Alcohol consumption led to various social reform movements.
51
What organization was created in 1833 to promote abstinence from alcohol?
American Temperance Union ## Footnote This organization sought to reduce alcohol consumption and promote moderation.
52
Which state passed the first prohibition law in 1851?
Maine ## Footnote This law banned the sale of alcohol in the state.
53
Who helped create a state board of education in Massachusetts in 1837?
Horace Mann ## Footnote Mann is known as the father of the American public school system.
54
What did Horace Mann improve while on the state board of education?
Teacher salaries and teacher training ## Footnote His efforts led to significant reforms in public education.
55
In the 1850s, states began creating ______, funded by taxpayers and made school attendance mandatory.
public schools ## Footnote This was part of the educational reform movement.
56
Who was a leading reformer for women’s education?
Catharine Beecher ## Footnote Beecher advocated for women's education and improved educational opportunities.
57
Who created a girls’ school that taught academic subjects in addition to traditional classes?
Emma Willard ## Footnote Willard's school aimed to provide a more comprehensive education for girls.
58
Who opened the first college-level school for women in 1837?
Mary Lyon ## Footnote Lyon's institution was pivotal in women's higher education.
59
Who was the first woman to earn a medical degree?
Elizabeth Blackwell ## Footnote Blackwell opened a hospital staffed entirely by women.
60
What event marked the beginning of an organized women's rights movement in 1848?
Seneca Falls Convention ## Footnote This convention was pivotal in advocating for women's rights.
61
What document was created at the Seneca Falls Convention?
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions ## Footnote This document asserted that women were equal to men and deserved the right to vote.
62
What set of ideas evolved from the belief that women should be homemakers?
True Womanhood ## Footnote This ideology emphasized women's roles in the domestic sphere.
63
What was the theory that slavery should be brought to an end over an extended period of time?
Gradualism ## Footnote Gradualism advocated for the gradual emancipation of enslaved people rather than immediate abolition.
64
In 1816, which organization attempted to deal with racism in America by sending freed African Americans to a colony in Africa?
American Colonization Society ## Footnote The American Colonization Society aimed to address racism by relocating freed African Americans.
65
By the 1830s, which movement drew strength from the 2nd Great Awakening due to the belief that slavery was an evil for which the nation needed to repent?
Abolition movement ## Footnote The 2nd Great Awakening influenced abolitionists to view slavery as morally wrong.
66
Who was a free African American that promoted violence & rebellion to end slavery?
David Walker ## Footnote David Walker was known for his radical approach in advocating for the end of slavery.
67
Who was a white man that pushed emotional abolitionist ideas through his newspaper called The Liberator?
William Lloyd Garrison ## Footnote Garrison also helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society.
68
Who were the daughters of a slave owner in South Carolina that moved North to join the abolition movement?
Sarah and Angelina Grimke ## Footnote The Grimke sisters became prominent advocates for abolition and women's rights.
69
Who escaped slavery, wrote books, published a newspaper called The North Star, and spoke out against slavery across the country?
Frederick Douglass ## Footnote Douglass was a key figure in the abolitionist movement and an eloquent speaker.
70
Who was a former slave woman that spoke across the country about abolition?
Sojourner Truth ## Footnote Sojourner Truth is famous for her speeches advocating for abolition and women's rights.
71
Some Northerners opposed abolition because they wanted to avoid a _______.
war ## Footnote Many Northerners feared that abolition would lead to conflict between North and South.
72
Those that supported abolition in the North passed _______ laws to protect slaves that had escaped the South.
personal liberty ## Footnote Personal liberty laws were intended to protect the rights of escaped slaves.
73
In 1831, who led a slave rebellion in Virginia that killed 50 people?
Nat Turner ## Footnote Nat Turner's rebellion heightened fears among Southerners and led to stricter slave laws.
74
Southerners blamed the _______ for Turner’s rebellion and passed a _______ in Congress that suppressed all abolitionist ideas in 1836.
abolitionists; gag rule ## Footnote The gag rule prevented discussion of abolition in Congress to maintain order.
75
Who argued that enslaved African Americans should be freed immediately without compensation to former slaveholders?
Abolitionists ## Footnote This stance was a key principle of the abolitionist movement.
76
A _ society focuses on spreading the word of God and combating social problems
benevolent
77
_ = to make payment for a loss or injury
compensate
78
a _ is a person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment
philosopher
79
_= being most fequent or common
predominantly
80
_ _= way of selecting candidates where members of a party who are serving in Congress choose the party's nominee for president
caucus system
81
_ = something established or brought about as if by force
imposition
82
_ is the condition of being unprotected. especially from severe weather
exposure
83
the _ _ = the common practice of giving people government jobs on the basis of party loyalty,
spoils system
84
_= the right to vote
suffrage
85
_ emphasizes the imagination, the emotions and the individual above society
romanticism
86
a _ is an established organization or corporation
institution
87
a _ is a prison whose purpose is to reform prisoners
penitentiary
88
_ = obvious or clear.
evident
89
_ stresses the relationship between human beings and naturem, spiritual things over material things, and the importance of the individual conscience.
transcendentalism
90
_ = the immediate end of slavery
abolition
91
_= moderation in or abstinence from the consumption of alcohol
temperance
92
_= the act or process of freeing enslaved persons
emancipation
93
_ is hostility towared immigrants.
nativism
94
_ = to leave or withdraw
secede
95
a _ is a community based on a vision of a perfect society
utopia
96
a _ is an outward expression or display
demonstration