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Flashcards in Chapter 6 Deck (27)
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1
Q

a policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as a substantive remedy for past discrimination

A

Affirmative action

2
Q

refusal to buy certain goods or services as a way to protest policy or force political reform

A

Boycott

3
Q

achieving racial balance by transporting students to schools across neighborhood boundaries

A

Busing

4
Q

discrimination that is the not the result of law but tradition and habit

A

De Facto discrimination

5
Q

efforts to make English the official language of America

A

English-only movements

6
Q

provisions exempting from voting restrictions the descendants of those able to vote in 1867(descendants of those unable to vote in the past are now able to)

A

Grandfather Clauses

7
Q

southern laws designed to circumvent the 13,14, and 15th amendments and to deny blacks rights on bases other than race.

A

Jim Crow laws

8
Q

institutionalized power inequalities in society based on the perception of racial differences

A

Racism

9
Q

the practice and policy of separation

A

Segregation

10
Q

a heightened standard of review used by the supreme court to assess the constitutionality of laws that limit some freedoms or that makes a suspect classification

A

Strict scrutiny test

11
Q

no state shall deny a person equal protection of laws.

A

Equal protection clause ( of the 14th amendment)

12
Q

lawyer of the NAACP launched the idea of building law schools for blacks; 1st African American on supreme court aided by hugo black

A

Thurgood Marshall

13
Q

reinforced voting laws, allowed attorney general to file school desegregation law suits, permitted president to deny federal money to state and local programs that practiced discrimination, prohibited public discrimination and in employment

A

Civil Rights Act of 1964

14
Q

a series of laws in the post–civil war south designed to restrict the rights of former slaves before the passage of the 14th amendment and the 15th amendments

A

Black codes

15
Q

citizenship rights guaranteed to the people (Amendments: 13,14,15,19, and 26

A

Civil rights

16
Q

discrimination arising from or supported by the law

A

De jure discrimination

17
Q

constitutional amendment passed by congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender.

A

Equal Rights Amendment

18
Q

standard of review used by the court to evaluate laws that make a quasisuspect classification

A

Intermediate standard of review

19
Q

tests requiring reading or comprehension skills as a qualification for voting

A

Literacy tests

20
Q

interest group founded in 1910 to promote civil rights to African Americans

A

NAACP(Legal Defense Fund)

21
Q

taxes levied as qualification for voting

A

Poll taxes

22
Q

the period following the civil war during which the federal government took action to rebuild the south

A

Reconstruction

23
Q

unwelcome sexual speech or behavior that creates a hostile work environment

A

Sexual harassment

24
Q

classification, such as race, for which any discriminatory law must be justified by a compelling state interest

A

Suspect classifications

25
Q

government allows for segregated facilities as long as they’re equal.

A

Doctrine of separate but equal

26
Q

No longer had to pay a tax to vote, poll taxes become illegal.

A

24th Amend.

27
Q

made it easier for African americans and non English speaking americans to vote, making poll taxes and literacy tests illegal.

A

Voting Rights Act of 1965