Chapter 6 Flashcards

(46 cards)

1
Q

Ribosomes

A

Sites of protein synthesis

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2
Q

Microfilaments

A

Part of the cytoskeleton that is made of actin

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3
Q

Nucleoid

A

The region where DNA is found in prokaryotic cells

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4
Q

Middle lamella

A

The area between plant cell walls that “glues” the cells together

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5
Q

Scanning Electron Microscope

A

A type of electron microscope that looks that the external structures of the cell

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6
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digestive centers of the cell; sacks of enzymes

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7
Q

Integrins

A

Proteins that go all the way through the membrane; they communicate between the ECM and the cytoskeleton

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center of eukaryotic cells

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9
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Process that breaks down chemical energy (food) into ATP. This occurs in mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.

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10
Q

Cis face

A

Receiving side of the Golgi apparatus

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11
Q

Chromosomes

A

The form that DNA is in right before cell division. these are found in the nucleus

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12
Q

Prokaryote

A

The earliest and simplest type of cell; lacks membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

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13
Q

ECM

A

The structure that is on the outside of animal cells; it helps with structure and is made mostly of glycoproteins

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14
Q

Dynein Arms

A

Motor molecules that help move microtubules in cilia and flagella

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15
Q

Desmosomes

A

Anchoring junctions, these structures hold animal cells together in strong sheets

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16
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process that turns light energy into chemical energy in autotrophs. It takes place in chloroplasts

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17
Q

ER

A

This organelle makes membranes and also helps to move substances around in the cell.

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18
Q

Eukaryotes

A

More highly specialized cells: they have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles; plant and animal cells are examples of this

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19
Q

Nucleolus

A

Structure in the nucleus that produces RNA (which eventually makes ribosomes)

20
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell

Site of cellular respiration

21
Q

Secondary Cell Wall

A

This is found under the primary cell wall to strengthen it; it is very strong and wood is an example of it

22
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Structural support in cells

23
Q

Contractile Vacuole

A

A structure in animal cells that gets rid of excess water to prevent the cells from bursting in hypotonic solutions

24
Q

Primary cell wall

A

The thin and flexible cell wall that is pliable until the plant stops growing. Once it stops growing, it hardens.

25
Cytoplasm
Everything between the nucleus and plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells; made up of cytosol and organelles.
26
Transfer Electron Microscope
A type of electron microscope that looks at the internal structures of the cells
27
Chromatin
The form that DNA is in for most of the cell cycle; long, thin strands
28
Trans face
The shipping side of the Golgi
29
Peroxisomes
Organelles that break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; this helps cells in the liver detoxify drugs and alcohol
30
Plasmodesmata
Channels through plant cell walls that allow substances to pass from one plant cell to another; similar to gap junctions in animal cells
31
Centrosomes
Microtubules grow from here; they are found near the nucleus in animal cells
32
Tonoplast
The membrane surrounding the large central vacuole in plants
33
Light microscope
A simpler type of microscope that uses light to pass through an object rather than electrons
34
Cell wall
The outer layer of plants; helps with structural support
35
Tight junctions
Junctions in animal cells that fuse the cells together and helps prevent leakage of extracellular fluids
36
Central vacuole
The large structure in the middle of plant cells; this is used to store water, proteins, enzymes, waste, and other miscellaneous substances
37
Microtubules
A part of the cytoskeleton that is made from tubulin; cilia and flagella are made of this
38
Nuclear envelope
The double membrane around the nucleus in eukaryotic cells
39
Cell fractionation
This process used a centrifuge to separate parts of a cell so that the individual functions can be studied
40
Golgi apparatus
This organelle modifies, packages, and secretes materials from the cell
41
Cellulose
This is the primary component of plant cell walls
42
Gap junctions
These are channels in animal cells that allow substances to pass through one cell into the next
43
Intermediate filament
These are a part of the animal cytoskeleton that are made from a family of proteins called keratins; they are more permanent than the other parts of the cytoskeleton
44
Electron Microscope
Microscopes that are the most powerful
45
Basal body
The name for the part of the cell where cilia and flagella are anchored in
46
Chloroplasts
Organelle found in autotrophs; location of photosynthesis