Chapter 6

Question 1

Ribosomes

Answer 1

Sites of protein synthesis

Question 2

Microfilaments

Answer 2

Part of the cytoskeleton that is made of actin

Question 3

Nucleoid

Answer 3

The region where DNA is found in prokaryotic cells

Question 4

Middle lamella

Answer 4

The area between plant cell walls that “glues” the cells together

Question 5

Scanning Electron Microscope

Answer 5

A type of electron microscope that looks that the external structures of the cell

Question 6

Lysosomes

Answer 6

Digestive centers of the cell; sacks of enzymes

Question 7

Integrins

Answer 7

Proteins that go all the way through the membrane; they communicate between the ECM and the cytoskeleton

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Control center of eukaryotic cells

Question 9

Cellular Respiration

Answer 9

Process that breaks down chemical energy (food) into ATP. This occurs in mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.

Question 10

Cis face

Answer 10

Receiving side of the Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Chromosomes

Answer 11

The form that DNA is in right before cell division. these are found in the nucleus

Question 12

Prokaryote

Answer 12

The earliest and simplest type of cell; lacks membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

Question 13

ECM

Answer 13

The structure that is on the outside of animal cells; it helps with structure and is made mostly of glycoproteins

Question 14

Dynein Arms

Answer 14

Motor molecules that help move microtubules in cilia and flagella

Question 15

Desmosomes

Answer 15

Anchoring junctions, these structures hold animal cells together in strong sheets

Question 16

Photosynthesis

Answer 16

Process that turns light energy into chemical energy in autotrophs. It takes place in chloroplasts

Question 17

ER

Answer 17

This organelle makes membranes and also helps to move substances around in the cell.

Question 18

Eukaryotes

Answer 18

More highly specialized cells: they have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles; plant and animal cells are examples of this

Question 19

Nucleolus

Answer 19

Structure in the nucleus that produces RNA (which eventually makes ribosomes)

Question 20

Mitochondria

Answer 20

Powerhouse of the cell

Site of cellular respiration

Question 21

Secondary Cell Wall

Answer 21

This is found under the primary cell wall to strengthen it; it is very strong and wood is an example of it

Question 22

Cytoskeleton

Answer 22

Structural support in cells

Question 23

Contractile Vacuole

Answer 23

A structure in animal cells that gets rid of excess water to prevent the cells from bursting in hypotonic solutions

Question 24

Primary cell wall

Answer 24

The thin and flexible cell wall that is pliable until the plant stops growing. Once it stops growing, it hardens.

Question 25

Cytoplasm

Answer 25

Everything between the nucleus and plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells; made up of cytosol and organelles.

Question 26

Transfer Electron Microscope

Answer 26

A type of electron microscope that looks at the internal structures of the cells

Question 27

Chromatin

Answer 27

The form that DNA is in for most of the cell cycle; long, thin strands

Question 28

Trans face

Answer 28

The shipping side of the Golgi

Question 29

Peroxisomes

Answer 29

Organelles that break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; this helps cells in the liver detoxify drugs and alcohol

Question 30

Plasmodesmata

Answer 30

Channels through plant cell walls that allow substances to pass from one plant cell to another; similar to gap junctions in animal cells

Question 31

Centrosomes

Answer 31

Microtubules grow from here; they are found near the nucleus in animal cells

Question 32

Tonoplast

Answer 32

The membrane surrounding the large central vacuole in plants

Question 33

Light microscope

Answer 33

A simpler type of microscope that uses light to pass through an object rather than electrons

Question 34

Cell wall

Answer 34

The outer layer of plants; helps with structural support

Question 35

Tight junctions

Answer 35

Junctions in animal cells that fuse the cells together and helps prevent leakage of extracellular fluids

Question 36

Central vacuole

Answer 36

The large structure in the middle of plant cells; this is used to store water, proteins, enzymes, waste, and other miscellaneous substances

Question 37

Microtubules

Answer 37

A part of the cytoskeleton that is made from tubulin; cilia and flagella are made of this

Question 38

Nuclear envelope

Answer 38

The double membrane around the nucleus in eukaryotic cells

Question 39

Cell fractionation

Answer 39

This process used a centrifuge to separate parts of a cell so that the individual functions can be studied

Question 40

Golgi apparatus

Answer 40

This organelle modifies, packages, and secretes materials from the cell

Question 41

Cellulose

Answer 41

This is the primary component of plant cell walls

Question 42

Gap junctions

Answer 42

These are channels in animal cells that allow substances to pass through one cell into the next

Question 43

Intermediate filament

Answer 43

These are a part of the animal cytoskeleton that are made from a family of proteins called keratins; they are more permanent than the other parts of the cytoskeleton

Question 44

Electron Microscope

Answer 44

Microscopes that are the most powerful

Question 45

Basal body

Answer 45

The name for the part of the cell where cilia and flagella are anchored in

Question 46

Chloroplasts

Answer 46

Organelle found in autotrophs; location of photosynthesis