Chapter 7

Question 1

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 1

Using proteins to aid in diffusion when molecules are moving down their concentration gradients

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

Diffusion of water down its concentration gradient

Question 3

ECM

Answer 3

Structure found on the outside of the animal cell; used for support and recognition

Question 4

Amphipathic

Answer 4

The term for when something has a hydrophobic part and also a hydrophilic part

Question 5

Darson and Danielli

Answer 5

Came up with the sandwich model (two d’s, two pieces of bread) for the plasma membrane with phospholipids on the inside and the protein layers on the outside

Question 6

Passive transport

Answer 6

Transport across the plasma membrane that does not require energy

Question 7

Isotonic

Answer 7

A type of solution where the solute concentration on the outside of the cell is equal to that on the inside

Question 8

Gated channels

Answer 8

Electrical or chemical stimulus causes these channels to open or close

Question 9

Pinocytosis

Answer 9

Cell drinking; bringing small particles into the cell, requires energy

Question 10

Electrogenic pumps

Answer 10

These generate a voltage across a membrane

Question 11

Glycoproteins

Answer 11

These are components of the ECM that are used for recognition

Question 12

Aquaporins

Answer 12

Channels in the plasma membrane that allow water through

Question 13

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 13

The process that occurs when there are equal concentrations of solutes across the membrane but there is still constant movement; there is no net charge in concentration on either side

Question 14

Integral proteins (integrins)

Answer 14

Proteins that go all the way through the membrane

Question 15

Singer and Nicolson

Answer 15

These two scientists came up with the current fluid mosaic model for the plasma membrane

Question 16

Active transport

Answer 16

Transport that requires energy to move things across the membrane

Question 17

Hypertonic

Answer 17

A type of solution where there is a higher concentration of solute OUTSIDE the cell

Question 18

Membrane potential

Answer 18

Voltage across a membrane

Question 19

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 19

A form of bringing things into the cell where a molecule has to bind with a receptor on the outside of the cell in order to signal the process of bringing it in; this requires energy

Question 20

Cotransport

Answer 20

When something is pumped out of (or into) the cell and then diffuses back in (or out) by attaching to a different molecule (similar to the idea of hitching a ride)

Question 21

Hypotonic

Answer 21

A type of solution where there is a higher concentration of solute inside the cell

Question 22

Sodium Potassium pump

Answer 22

Most common electrogenic pump in animals

Question 23

Exocytosis

Answer 23

Process of moving things out of the cell; requires energy

Question 24

Osmoregulation

Answer 24

Adaptions that organisms have to control the water balance in hypotonic or hypertonic solutions

Question 25

Diffusion

Answer 25

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradients; does not require energy

Question 26

Cholesterol

Answer 26

A molecule found in the cell membrane that can either make the membrane more rigid or more fluid depending on the temperature of the environment

Question 27

Peripheral

Answer 27

Proteins that are found either on the inside or the outside of the cell membrane (not through it)

Question 28

Phagocytosis

Answer 28

Cell eating; the process of bringing larger molecules into the cell; this requires energy

Question 29

Oligosaccharide

Answer 29

Short polysaccharide chains that function as markers in the ECM

Question 30

Endocytosis

Answer 30

The process of using energy to bring something INTO the cell