Flashcards in Chapter 7 Deck (30)
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1
Facilitated diffusion
Using proteins to aid in diffusion when molecules are moving down their concentration gradients
2
Osmosis
Diffusion of water down its concentration gradient
3
ECM
Structure found on the outside of the animal cell; used for support and recognition
4
Amphipathic
The term for when something has a hydrophobic part and also a hydrophilic part
5
Darson and Danielli
Came up with the sandwich model (two d's, two pieces of bread) for the plasma membrane with phospholipids on the inside and the protein layers on the outside
6
Passive transport
Transport across the plasma membrane that does not require energy
7
Isotonic
A type of solution where the solute concentration on the outside of the cell is equal to that on the inside
8
Gated channels
Electrical or chemical stimulus causes these channels to open or close
9
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking; bringing small particles into the cell, requires energy
10
Electrogenic pumps
These generate a voltage across a membrane
11
Glycoproteins
These are components of the ECM that are used for recognition
12
Aquaporins
Channels in the plasma membrane that allow water through
13
Dynamic equilibrium
The process that occurs when there are equal concentrations of solutes across the membrane but there is still constant movement; there is no net charge in concentration on either side
14
Integral proteins (integrins)
Proteins that go all the way through the membrane
15
Singer and Nicolson
These two scientists came up with the current fluid mosaic model for the plasma membrane
16
Active transport
Transport that requires energy to move things across the membrane
17
Hypertonic
A type of solution where there is a higher concentration of solute OUTSIDE the cell
18
Membrane potential
Voltage across a membrane
19
Receptor mediated endocytosis
A form of bringing things into the cell where a molecule has to bind with a receptor on the outside of the cell in order to signal the process of bringing it in; this requires energy
20
Cotransport
When something is pumped out of (or into) the cell and then diffuses back in (or out) by attaching to a different molecule (similar to the idea of hitching a ride)
21
Hypotonic
A type of solution where there is a higher concentration of solute inside the cell
22
Sodium Potassium pump
Most common electrogenic pump in animals
23
Exocytosis
Process of moving things out of the cell; requires energy
24
Osmoregulation
Adaptions that organisms have to control the water balance in hypotonic or hypertonic solutions
25
Diffusion
Movement of molecules down their concentration gradients; does not require energy
26
Cholesterol
A molecule found in the cell membrane that can either make the membrane more rigid or more fluid depending on the temperature of the environment
27
Peripheral
Proteins that are found either on the inside or the outside of the cell membrane (not through it)
28
Phagocytosis
Cell eating; the process of bringing larger molecules into the cell; this requires energy
29
Oligosaccharide
Short polysaccharide chains that function as markers in the ECM
30
