Chapter 6

Question 1

what are the stop codons

Answer 1

UAA
UAG
UGA

Question 2

what is the initiation codon

Answer 2

AUG (MET) Methionine

Question 3

discovered the relationship between 64 codons and the 20 amino acids was determined by experiments done mostly in the laboratories of _________ and ________ who shared the Nobel prize in 1968.

Answer 3

Marshall Nirenberg and H. Gobind Khorana

Question 4

Poly G cannot be translated in vitro because it _________

Answer 4

folds up upon itself and therefore cannot be translated.

Question 5

UUU
UUC
(F) (Phe)

Answer 5

Phenylalanine

Neutral, Nonpolar

Question 6

CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG 
UUA
UUG
Leu (L)

Answer 6

Leucine

Neutral, Nonpolar

Question 7

AUU
AUC
AUA
Ile (I)

Answer 7

Isoleucine

Neutral, Nonpolar

Question 8

AUG

Met (M)

Answer 8

Methionine

Neutral, Nonpolar

Question 9

GUU
GUC
GUA
GUG
Val (V)

Answer 9

Valine

Neutral, Nonpolar

Question 10

UCU
UCC
UCA
UCG
Ser (S)

Answer 10

Serine

Neutral Polar

Question 11

CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG
Pro (P)

Answer 11

Proline

Neutral Nonpolar

Question 12

ACU
ACC
ACA
ACG
Thr (T)

Answer 12

Theronine

Neutral Polar

Question 13

GCU
GCC
GCA
GCG
Ala (A)

Answer 13

Alanine

Neutral, Nonpolar

Question 14

UAU
UAC
Tyr (Y)

Answer 14

Tyrosine

Neutral Polar

Question 15

CAU
CAC
His (H)

Answer 15

Histidine

Basic

Question 16

CAA
CAG
Gln (Q)

Answer 16

Glutamine

Neutral, Polar

Question 17

AAU
AAC
Asn (N)

Answer 17

Asparagine

Neutral Polar

Question 18

AAA
AAG
Lys (K)

Answer 18

Lysine

Basic

Question 19

GAU
GAC
Asp (D)

Answer 19

Aspartic Acid

Acidic

Question 20

GAA
GAG
Glu (E)

Answer 20

Glutamic Acid

Acid

Question 21

UGU
UGC
Cys (C)

Answer 21

Cysteine

Neutral Polar

Question 22

UGG

Trp (W)

Answer 22

Tryptophan

Neutral Nonpolar

Question 23

CGU
CGC
CGA
CGG
AGA
AGG
Arg (R)

Answer 23

Arginine

Basic

Question 24

AGU
AGC
Ser (S)

Answer 24

Serine

Neutral Polar

Question 25

``` GGU GGC GGA GGG Gly (G) ```

Answer 25

Glycine | Neutral Nonpolar

Question 26

All genetic code is degenerate with two exceptions which are AUG and UGG

Answer 26

METHIONINE AND TRYPTOPHAN

Question 27

The addition or deletion of base pairs in DNA sequencing causes ________ ______ mutations.

Answer 27

frame shift

Question 28

When do polypeptides fold contranslationally?

Answer 28

They fold during the translation process rather than after they are released from the ribosome.

Question 29

is a high-molecular-weight, nitrogen-containing orgainc compound of complex shape and composition.

Answer 29

protein

Question 30

a protein consists of one or more macromolecular subunits called

Answer 30

polypeptides

Question 31

polypeptides are composed of small building blocks called

Answer 31

amino acids.

Question 32

bonds that are created from a covalent bond between a carboxyl group from one amino acid and an amino group from another amino acid

Answer 32

peptide bond

Question 33

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide is directly determined by the distribution of the _______ _____ along the chain.

Answer 33

R groups

Question 34

how many codes make up the genetic code

Answer 34

64

Question 35

another name for stop codons are

Answer 35

nonsense codons, and chain-terminating codons.

Question 36

The wobble hypothesis was proposed by

Answer 36

Francis Crick

Question 37

The recognition of the tRNA by the mRNA codon was proved by ________

Answer 37

G. von Ehrenstein, B. Weisblum, and S. Benzer

Question 38

Polypeptide synthesis takes place on

Answer 38

Ribosomes

Question 39

In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes _________ consist of two unequally sized subunits- the large and small each of which consists of a complex between RNA molecules and proteins

Answer 39

ribosomes

Question 40

all amino acids have the same common structure except

Answer 40

proline

Question 40

Neutral non polar

Answer 40

Trp (W)