Chapter 6

Question 1

How many bones in the human body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

Axial Skeleton

Answer 2

Contains kull, vertebrae, thorax (80 bones)

Question 3

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 3

Shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle (126 bones)

Question 4

Functions of skeletal system

Answer 4

1. Support
2. Storage of minerals
3. blood cell production
4. protection of vital structures
5. movement

Question 5

Endoskeleton

Answer 5

hard inside

Question 6

Exoskeleton

Answer 6

hard outside, soft inside (like a M&M)

Question 7

6 types of bones

Answer 7

1. Flat
2. Sutural
3. Long
4. Irregular
5. Sesamoid
6. Short

Question 8

Example of flat:

Answer 8

sternum

Question 9

Sutural:

Answer 9

between cranial bones

Question 10

Long:

Answer 10

twice as long as it is wide

ex: femur

Question 11

Irregular:

Answer 11

vertebrae

Question 12

sesamoid:

Answer 12

bone within a tendon

ex: patella

Question 13

short:

Answer 13

carpals and tarsals

Question 14

Long bones include:

Answer 14

epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis, spongy bone, compact bone, periosteum

Question 15

Epiphysis

Answer 15

end of the bone

Question 16

Diaphysis

Answer 16

Shaft of the bone

Question 17

Metaphysis

Answer 17

where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet (growth plate)

Question 18

Spongy bone

Answer 18

helps to redirect forces that are on the bone

Question 19

Medullary cavity

Answer 19

bone marrow

Question 20

Red bone marrow

Answer 20

red blood cells, young

Question 21

yellow bone marrow

Answer 21

storage of fats

Question 22

Trabeculae

Answer 22

lattice work, arranged to resist force

Question 23

Osteon

Answer 23

Functional unit

Question 24

periosteum

Answer 24

sits on top of compact bone

Question 25

nutrient artery

Answer 25

supplies blood to the bone

Question 26

3 types of cells

Answer 26

Osteocyte, Osteoblast, Osteoclasts

Question 27

Osteocyte:

Answer 27

- -Mature bone cells - -Maintain normal bone function - -Sit in lacunae (pockets)

Question 28

Osteoblast

Answer 28

- -immature cells | - - make new bone

Question 29

Osteoclasts

Answer 29

break done the bone

Question 30

Collagen:

Answer 30

stretchy, bendy, 1/3 of body weight

Question 31

hydroxyapatite:

Answer 31

responsible for bone hardiness

Question 32

2 types of bone growth

Answer 32

Appositional and Endochondral Ossification

Question 33

Appositional:

Answer 33

growth in width

Question 34

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 34

bone growth from a cartilage precursor,

Question 35

Epiphyseal plate:

Answer 35

responsible for bone growth in length

Question 36

Pituitary growth failure: (dwarfism)

Answer 36

inadequate growth hormone

Question 37

Marfan’s syndrome

Answer 37

long stretchy limbs

Question 38

Gigantism:

Answer 38

over production of growth hormone

Question 39

clubfoot:

Answer 39

babies feet turn in

Question 40

Two main minerals stored in the bone:

Answer 40

Phosphorus and calcium

Question 41

Calcium

Answer 41

- --Most abundant body mineral - ---99% - --Also used for muscle contraction, formation of nerve impulses, and more - --Absorbed in small intestine

Question 42

2 hormones

Answer 42

PTH (parathyroid hormone) and Calcitonin

Question 43

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Answer 43

activates osteoclasts, chews up bone a releases calcium into the blood (think of pacman) and increases blood pressure*****

Question 44

Calcitonin

Answer 44

produced by thyroid gland, inhibits osteoclast formation, don’t break down the bone, calcium stays in the bone, Decrease blood calcium levels

Question 45

how many milligrams of calcium per day do we need to maintain normal bone physiology?

Answer 45

12 milligrams