Chapter 6

Question 1

Anaphase

Answer 1

the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.

Question 2

Binary fission

Answer 2

a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes and occurs in some single-celled eukaryotes

Question 3

Cell cycle

Answer 3

a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes and occurs in some single-celled eukaryotes

Question 4

Cell division

Answer 4

the division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material.

Question 5

Chromosome

Answer 5

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 6

Cytokinesis

Answer 6

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes.

Question 8

DNA replication

Answer 8

the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

Question 9

Interphase

Answer 9

the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.

Question 10

Metaphase

Answer 10

the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.

Question 11

Mitosis

Answer 11

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Question 12

Prophase

Answer 12

the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears.

Question 13

Telophase

Answer 13

the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

Question 14

Asexual reproduction

Answer 14

a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only

Question 15

Diploid

Answer 15

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 16

Egg

Answer 16

an oval or round object laid by a female bird, reptile, fish, or invertebrate, usually containing a developing embryo

Question 17

Fertilization

Answer 17

the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant

Question 18

Gamete

Answer 18

a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Question 19

Haploid

Answer 19

(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Question 20

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 20

One from each parent, that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location

Question 21

Meiosis

Answer 21

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with. Half the number of chromosomes

Question 22

Sexual reproduction

Answer 22

The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different sexes

Question 23

Sperm

Answer 23

the mature motile male sex cell of an animal, by which the ovum is fertilized, typically having a compact head and one or more long flagella for swimming.

Question 24

Zygote

Answer 24

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

Question 25

Codon

Answer 25

a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

Question 26

Genetic code

Answer 26

the nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells.

Question 27

Mutagen

Answer 27

an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation.

Question 28

Mutation

Answer 28

the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.

Question 29

Protein synthesis

Answer 29

biological process that allows individual cells to build specific proteins

Question 30

RNA

Answer 30

ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA

Question 31

Transcription

Answer 31

the action or process of transcribing something.

Question 32

Translation

Answer 32

1. | the process of translating words or text from one language into another.