Chapter 7 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Dominant
Most important, powerful, or influential.
Genetics
the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Law of independent assortment
giving different traits an equal opportunity of occurring together.
Law of segregation
during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent
mendel
Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics
Pollination
the process by which pollen is transferred to the female reproductive organs of a plant, thereby enabling fertilization to take place
Recessive
relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents,
Allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Autosome
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Genotype
the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Heterozygote
a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive — they’re different.
Homozygote
Alternative forms of a given gene are called alleles, and they can be dominant or recessive
Phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Punnett square
a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment
Sex chromosome
a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.
Sex-linked trait
A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent.
Biotechnology
the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.
Gene therapy
the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders.
Genetically modified organisms
in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination.
Genetic disorder
a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth
Genome
the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.
Human Genome project
a global, long-term research effort to identify the estimated 30,000 genes in human DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and to figure out the sequences of the chemical bases that make up human DNA.
