Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych 202 > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

(112 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Memory

A

The mental processes that enable you to retain and retrieve information over time (P. 232)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Encoding

A

The process of transforming information into a form that can be entered into, and retained by, the memory system (P. 232)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Storage

A

The process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time (P. 232)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Retrieval

A

The process of recovering information stored in memory so that we are consciously aware of it (P. 232)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stage Model of Memory

A

A model describing memory as consisting of three distinct stages; sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (P. 232)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sensory Memory

A

The stage of memory that registers information from the environment and holds it for a very brief period of time (P. 233)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Short-Term Memory

A

The active stage of memory in which information is stored for up to about 20 seconds (P. 233)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Long-Term Memory

A

The stage of memory that represents the long-term storage of information (P. 233)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Maintenance Rehearsal

A

The mental or verbal repetition of information in order to maintain it beyond the usual 20-second duration of short-term memory (P. 236)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chunking

A

Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit (P. 236)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Working Memory

A

The temporary storage and active conscious manipulation of information needed for complex cognitive tasks, such as reasoning, learning, and problem solving (P. 237)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Elaborative Rehearsal

A

Rehearsal that involves focusing on the meaning of information to help encode and transfer it to long-term memory (P. 238)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Category of long-term memory that includes memories of different skills, operations, and actions (P. 240)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Episodic Memory

A

Category of long-term memory that includes memories of particular events (P. 240)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Category of long-term memory that includes memories of general knowledge concepts, facts, and names (P. 240)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explicit Memory

A

Information or knowledge that can be consciously recollected; also called declarative memory (P. 241)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Implicit Memory

A

Information or knowledge that affects behavior or task performance but cannot be consciously recollected; also called non-declarative memory (P. 241)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clustering

A

Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory (P. 242)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Semantic Network Model

A

Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory (P. 242)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Retrieval

A

The process of accessing stored information (P. 243)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Retrieval Cue

A

A clue, prompt, or hint that helps trigger recall of a given piece of information stored in long-term memory (P. 243)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Retrieval Cue Failure

A

The inability to recall long-term memories because of inadequate or missing retrieval cues (P. 243)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tip-Of-The-Tongue (TOT) Experience

A

A memory phenomenon that involves the sensation of knowing that specific information is stored in long-term memory, but being temporarily unable to retrieve it (P. 245)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Recall

A

A test of long-term memory that involves retrieving information without the aid of retrieval cues; also called free recall (P. 245)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cued Recall
A test of long-term memory that involves remembering an item of information in response to a retrieval cue (P. 245)
26
Recognition
A test of long-term memory that involves identifying correct information out of several possible choices (P. 245)
27
Serial Position Effect
The tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than items in the middle (P. 245)
28
Encoding Specificity Principle
The principle that when the conditions of information retrieval are similar to the conditions of information encoding, retrieval is more likely to be successful (P. 246)
29
Context Effect
The tendency to recover information more easily when the retrieval occurs in the same setting as the original learning of the information (P. 246)
30
Mood Congruence
An encoding specificity phenomenon in which a given mood tends to evoke memories that are consistent with that mood (P. 246)
31
Flashbulb Memory
The recall of very specific images or details surrounding a vivid, rare, or significant personal event; details may or may not be accurate (P. 246)
32
Forgetting
The inability to recall information that was previously available (P. 248)
33
Encoding Failure
The inability to recall specific information because of insufficient encoding of the information for storage in long-term memory (P. 248)
34
Prospective Memory
Remembering to do something in the future (P. 250)
35
Decay Theory
The view that forgetting is due to normal metabolic processes that occur in the brain over time (P. 250)
36
Deja Vu Experience
A memory illusion characterized by brief but intense feelings of familiarity in a situation that has never been experience before (P. 251)
37
Source Memory (Source Monitoring)
Memory for when, where, and how a particular experience or piece of information was acquired (P. 251)
38
Interference Theory
The theory that forgetting is caused by one memory competing with or replacing another (P. 252)
39
Retroactive Interference
Forgetting in which a new memory interferes with remembering an old memory; backward-acting memory interference (P. 252)
40
Proactive Interference
Forgetting in which an old memory interferes with remembering a new memory; forward-acting memory interference (P. 252)
41
Suppression
Motivated forgetting that occurs consciously; a deliberate attempt to not think about and remember specific information (P. 252)
42
Repression
Motivated forgetting that occurs unconsciously; a memory that is blocked and unavailable to consciousness (P. 252)
43
Misinformation Effect
A memory-distortion phenomenon in which a person's existing memories can be altered if the person is exposed to misleading information (P. 254)
44
Source Confusion
A memory distortion that occurs when the true source of the memory is forgotten (P. 254)
45
Flase Memory
A distorted or fabricated recollection of something that did not actually occur (P. 256)
46
Schema
An organized cluster of information about a particular topic (P. 256)
47
Script
A schema for the typical sequence of an everyday event (P. 256)
48
Imagination Inflation
A memory in which vividly imagining an event markedly increases confidence that the event actually occurred (P. 259)
49
Memory Trace (Engram)
The hypothetical brain changes associated with a particular stored memory (P. 260)
50
Long-Term Pontentiation
A long-lasting increase in synaptic strength between two neurons (P. 262)
51
Amnesia
Severe Memory Loss (P. 264)
52
Retrograde Amnesia
Loss of Memory, especially for episodic information; backward-acting amnesia (P. 264)
53
Memory Consolidation
The gradual, physical process of converting new long-term memories to stable, enduring memory codes (P. 264)
54
Anterograde Amnesia
Loss of memory caused by the inability to store new memories forward-acting amnesia (P. 264)
55
Dementia
Progressive deterioration and impairment of memory, reasoning, and other cognitive functions occurring as the result of disease or a condition (P. 268)
56
Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
A progressive disease that destroys the brain's neurons, gradually impairing memory, thinking, language, and other cognitive functions, resulting in the complete inability to care for oneself; the most common cause of dementia (P. 268)
57
The mental processes that enable you to retain and retrieve information over time (P. 232)
Memory
58
The process of transforming information into a form that can be entered into, and retained by, the memory system (P. 232)
Encoding
59
The process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time (P. 232)
Storage
60
The process of recovering information stored in memory so that we are consciously aware of it (P. 232)
Retrieval
61
A model describing memory as consisting of three distinct stages; sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (P. 232)
Stage Model of Memory
62
The stage of memory that registers information from the environment and holds it for a very brief period of time (P. 233)
Sensory Memory
63
The active stage of memory in which information is stored for up to about 20 seconds (P. 233)
Short-Term Memory
64
The stage of memory that represents the long-term storage of information (P. 233)
Long-Term Memory
65
The mental or verbal repetition of information in order to maintain it beyond the usual 20-second duration of short-term memory (P. 236)
Maintenance Rehearsal
66
Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit (P. 236)
Chunking
67
The temporary storage and active conscious manipulation of information needed for complex cognitive tasks, such as reasoning, learning, and problem solving (P. 237)
Working Memory
68
Rehearsal that involves focusing on the meaning of information to help encode and transfer it to long-term memory (P. 238)
Elaborative Rehearsal
69
Category of long-term memory that includes memories of different skills, operations, and actions (P. 240)
Procedural Memory
70
Category of long-term memory that includes memories of particular events (P. 240)
Episodic Memory
71
Category of long-term memory that includes memories of general knowledge concepts, facts, and names (P. 240)
Semantic Memory
72
Information or knowledge that can be consciously recollected; also called declarative memory (P. 241)
Explicit Memory
73
Information or knowledge that affects behavior or task performance but cannot be consciously recollected; also called non-declarative memory (P. 241)
Implicit Memory
74
Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory (P. 242)
Clustering
75
Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory (P. 242)
Semantic Network Model
76
The process of accessing stored information (P. 243)
Retrieval
77
A clue, prompt, or hint that helps trigger recall of a given piece of information stored in long-term memory (P. 243)
Retrieval Cue
78
The inability to recall long-term memories because of inadequate or missing retrieval cues (P. 243)
Retrieval Cue Failure
79
A memory phenomenon that involves the sensation of knowing that specific information is stored in long-term memory, but being temporarily unable to retrieve it (P. 245)
Tip-Of-The-Tongue (TOT) Experience
80
A test of long-term memory that involves retrieving information without the aid of retrieval cues; also called free recall (P. 245)
Recall
81
A test of long-term memory that involves remembering an item of information in response to a retrieval cue (P. 245)
Cued Recall
82
A test of long-term memory that involves identifying correct information out of several possible choices (P. 245)
Recognition
83
The tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than items in the middle (P. 245)
Serial Position Effect
84
The principle that when the conditions of information retrieval are similar to the conditions of information encoding, retrieval is more likely to be successful (P. 246)
Encoding Specificity Principle
85
The tendency to recover information more easily when the retrieval occurs in the same setting as the original learning of the information (P. 246)
Context Effect
86
An encoding specificity phenomenon in which a given mood tends to evoke memories that are consistent with that mood (P. 246)
Mood Congruence
87
The recall of very specific images or details surrounding a vivid, rare, or significant personal event; details may or may not be accurate (P. 246)
Flashbulb Memory
88
The inability to recall information that was previously available (P. 248)
Forgetting
89
The inability to recall specific information because of insufficient encoding of the information for storage in long-term memory (P. 248)
Encoding Failure
90
Remembering to do something in the future (P. 250)
Prospective Memory
91
The view that forgetting is due to normal metabolic processes that occur in the brain over time (P. 250)
Decay Theory
92
A memory illusion characterized by brief but intense feelings of familiarity in a situation that has never been experience before (P. 251)
Deja Vu Experience
93
Memory for when, where, and how a particular experience or piece of information was acquired (P. 251)
Source Memory (Source Monitoring)
94
The theory that forgetting is caused by one memory competing with or replacing another (P. 252)
Interference Theory
95
Forgetting in which a new memory interferes with remembering an old memory; backward-acting memory interference (P. 252)
Retroactive Interference
96
Forgetting in which an old memory interferes with remembering a new memory; forward-acting memory interference (P. 252)
Proactive Interference
97
Motivated forgetting that occurs consciously; a deliberate attempt to not think about and remember specific information (P. 252)
Suppression
98
Motivated forgetting that occurs unconsciously; a memory that is blocked and unavailable to consciousness (P. 252)
Repression
99
A memory-distortion phenomenon in which a person's existing memories can be altered if the person is exposed to misleading information (P. 254)
Misinformation Effect
100
A memory distortion that occurs when the true source of the memory is forgotten (P. 254)
Source Confusion
101
A distorted or fabricated recollection of something that did not actually occur (P. 256)
Flase Memory
102
An organized cluster of information about a particular topic (P. 256)
Schema
103
A schema for the typical sequence of an everyday event (P. 256)
Script
104
A memory in which vividly imagining an event markedly increases confidence that the event actually occurred (P. 259)
Imagination Inflation
105
The hypothetical brain changes associated with a particular stored memory (P. 260)
Memory Trace (Engram)
106
A long-lasting increase in synaptic strength between two neurons (P. 262)
Long-Term Pontentiation
107
Severe Memory Loss (P. 264)
Amnesia
108
Loss of Memory, especially for episodic information; backward-acting amnesia (P. 264)
Retrograde Amnesia
109
The gradual, physical process of converting new long-term memories to stable, enduring memory codes (P. 264)
Memory Consolidation
110
Loss of memory caused by the inability to store new memories forward-acting amnesia (P. 264)
Anterograde Amnesia
111
Progressive deterioration and impairment of memory, reasoning, and other cognitive functions occurring as the result of disease or a condition (P. 268)
Dementia
112
A progressive disease that destroys the brain's neurons, gradually impairing memory, thinking, language, and other cognitive functions, resulting in the complete inability to care for oneself; the most common cause of dementia (P. 268)
Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

Psych 202 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions