Chapter 6

Question 1

Passive data

Answer 1

Sit back, watch, collect results

Question 2

Observational studies involve ____ data collection

Answer 2

Passive

Question 3

Experiments involve _____ data collection

Answer 3

Active

Question 4

Experiments are interested in the effect of _____________ on another

Answer 4

One variable

Question 5

Individuals in an experiment

Answer 5

Subjects (people)

Question 6

Treatment

Answer 6

Any experimental condition applied to the subjects at random

Question 7

Explanatory

Answer 7

Online vs classroom

Question 8

Response

Answer 8

Test scores after course

Question 9

Confounding or lurking variable

Answer 9

Student preparation

Question 10

Clinical trials

Answer 10

Experiments that study the effectiveness of drugs on actual patients

Question 11

Placebo

Answer 11

Fake/inactive pill or treatment

Question 12

Randomized comparative experiments design

Answer 12

Grp1— treatment1
/ \
Random
Assignment Compare(r.v.)
\ /
Grp2— treatment2

Question 13

Control group

Answer 13

Can be the group receiving the placebo

Question 14

How to find lurking variables

Answer 14

Compare treatment and control groups

Question 15

Some clinical trials use an ____________ instead of a control group

Answer 15

Existing medication

Question 16

Principles of experimental design

Answer 16

1. Control effects of lurking variables
2. Randomize- use impersonal chance to assign subjects to treatments
3. Use enough subjects (replication) in each group to reduce chance variation in results

Question 17

Statistical significance

Answer 17

An observed effect is so large that it would rarely occur by chance

Question 18

Dropouts

Answer 18

When subjects do not complete an experiment that has gone in for an extended period of time

Question 19

Lack of realism

Answer 19

The experimental setup is not really realistic of the real world

Question 20

Randomized comparative experiment

Answer 20

Flow chart

Question 21

Refusals

Answer 21

Nonresponse

Question 22

Double blind experiments

Answer 22

Neither the subjects nor the people who work with them know which treatment each subject is receiving

Question 23

Non-adherers

Answer 23

Subjects who participate in an experiment but do not follow the treatment

Question 24

Institutional review board

Answer 24

Makes sure studies do not harm people

Question 25

Confidential

Answer 25

Doctors know subjects but don’t disclose it to public

Question 26

Anonymity

Answer 26

Subjects are unknown to everyone