Chapter 6

Question 1

Light Microscope

Answer 1

Enlargement provided by objective lens and ocular glass lenses
Illumination provided by light

Question 2

Transmission Electron Microscope

Answer 2

Illumination provided by electron beam
Electrons produced by heat
Beam passes through specimen
Observation made under Vacum

Question 3

Scanning Electron Microscope

Answer 3

Electrons do not pass through specimen

3D Image

Question 4

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 4

Bacteria and Archaea
Smaller, Simpler.
Do not have membrane enclosed organelles

Question 5

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 5

Protists, Plants, Fungi, and Animal
Contains a system of membranous organelles
Cytoskeleton

Question 6

Unlike Animal Cells, Plant Cells have

Answer 6

Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis
Celulose

Question 7

Chloroplasts

Answer 7

Convert light energy to the chemical energy of food in the process of photosynthesis

Question 8

Cellulose

Answer 8

Protective cell walls, maintain shape and prevents cells from absorbing too much water

Question 9

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 9

Nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane

Question 10

Pores in nucleus..

Answer 10

allow materials to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm selectively

Question 11

Nucleolus Information and Function

Answer 11

Nucleolus located in Nucleus; where ribosome precursors are assembled.

Question 12

Chromatin

Answer 12

Stored in the nucleus are long DNA molecules and are associated with proteins that form this

Question 13

Nucleosome

Answer 13

Unit of DNA packaging

Question 14

Chromsome

Answer 14

Each long chromatin fiber constitutes one chromosome

Question 15

Ribosomes information

Answer 15

Protein synthesizing machines of cells

Ribosomes are partially assembled in the nucleolus and completely in cytoplasm

Question 16

mRNA

Answer 16

DNa programs protein production in the cytoplasm by transforming its coded information into this

Question 17

Ribosome and mRNA

Answer 17

Ribosome moves along the mRNA , translating the genetic message into a protein with specific amino acid

Question 18

Endomembrane System

Answer 18

Interconnected directly by their membranes or by transfer of membrane segments between them

Question 19

Rough ER

Answer 19

Refers to ribosomes that stuf the outside of this portion of the ER membrane

Question 20

Ribosomes on Rough ER..

Answer 20

Produce membrane proteins and secretory proteins

Question 21

Smooth ER

Answer 21

Lack surface ribosomes
Produce lipids, including steroids
Helps liver cells detoxify

Question 22

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 22

Works in partnership with the ER

Reeives, refines, stores, and distributes chemical products of cell

Question 23

Lysosome

Answer 23

Is a membrane-bound sac of digestive enzymes found in animal cells. Absent from plant cells.

Question 24

Enzymes in a lysosome can break down large molecules such as..

Answer 24

proteins
Polysaccharides
fats
nucleic acids

Question 25

Lysosomes engulf..

Answer 25

nutrients in tiny cytoplasmic sacs called food vacuoles

Question 26

Peroxisomes

Answer 26

Bounded by a single bi-lipid layer membrane

Question 27

Peroxisomes Functions

Answer 27

Contains enzymes for.. breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of substances

Question 28

Vacuoles; Central Vacuoles

Answer 28

Store Organic Nutrients Break down Waste ABsorb Water

Question 29

Two organelles act as cellular power stations

Answer 29

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Question 30

Mitochondira

Answer 30

Organelles of cellular respiration | Found in eukaryotic cells and produce ATP

Question 31

What cells contain their own DNA?

Answer 31

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts, encodes some of their proteins

Question 32

Endosymbiont Theory

Answer 32

Postulates that mitochondria & chloroplasts were one free living prokaryotes that became incorporateed into eukaryotic cells established a symbiotic relationship

Question 33

Mitochondrial Inheritance

Answer 33

Mom's mitochondria are passed fro generation to generation. You do not inherit any of dads mitochondria.

Question 34

Chloroplasts contain...

Answer 34

the green pigment chlorophyll, as well as enzymes and other molecules that function in photosynthesis

Question 35

Cytoskeletons Functions

Answer 35

Mechanical Support Shape Movement

Question 36

Cytoskeleton; Microtubules

Answer 36

Straight and hollow tubes that guide the movement of organelles and chromosomes

Question 37

Intermediate Filaments and Microfilaments

Answer 37

These are thinner and solid

Question 38

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 38

Animal cells lack cell walls but are covered by that

Question 39

What is the ECM made up of?

Answer 39

Collagen, Proteoglycans, and fibronectin

Question 40

Integrins

Answer 40

ECM proteins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane