Chapter 6 & 7

Question 1

Semiconservative DNA replication

Answer 1

Each daughter DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand

Question 2

Conservative DNA Replication

Answer 2

The original parental DNA double helix remains intact, while a completely new double helix is synthesized

Question 3

Dispersive DNA Replication

Answer 3

Both daughter DNA molecules would have alternating segments of parental and newly synthesized DNA interspersed on each strand

Question 4

Heteroduplex Region

Answer 4

Region between breakpoints

Question 5

Gene conversion

Answer 5

Deviation from expected 2:2 segregation of alleles due to mismatch repair

Question 6

Auxotroph

Answer 6

Mutants that need supplements to grow on minimal media

Question 7

Prototroph

Answer 7

Wild-type that needs no supplement

Question 8

Silent Mutation

Answer 8

Change does not alter amino acid sequence

Question 9

Missense Mutation

Answer 9

Point mutation that results in the replacement of one amino acid with another

Question 10

Nonsense Mutation

Answer 10

Changes a codon (normally amino acid) into a stop codon, prematurely terminating protein synthesis

Question 11

Frameshift Mutation

Answer 11

Insertions or deletions of nucleotides that are not multiples of three

Question 12

Loss-of-function

Answer 12

Reduce or completely block gene expression
*Alleles are usually recessive

Question 13

Null (amorphic) mutations

Answer 13

Alleles that completely block the function of a protein

Question 14

Hypomorphic mutations

Answer 14

Produce much less of a protein or with weak but detectable function

Question 15

Haploinsufficiency

Answer 15

One wild-type allele does not provide enough of a gene product

Question 16

Dominant-negative mutations

Answer 16

Alleles of a gene encoding subunits of multimers that block the activity of subunits produced by normal alleles

Question 17

Gain of function Mutation

Answer 17

Increased protein production or synthesis of a protein with enhanced ability *Almost always dominant

Question 18

Hypermorphic mutation

Answer 18

Gof mutation that generates more proteins or more efficient proteins

Question 19

Neomorphic mutation

Answer 19

Gof mutation that leads to a new, different, and potentially harmful function for a gene

Question 20

Ectopic Expression

Answer 20

Production of a protein notmally expressed in ond cell type or another ehere it’s typically not found

Question 21

Substitution mutation

Answer 21

Base is replaced by one of the other 3 bases
*Transition: purine for purine etc
*Transversion: putine for pyrimidine etc

Question 22

Deletion (& Insertion)

Answer 22

Block of one or more DNA pairs is lost (or added)

Question 23

Inversion

Answer 23

180 degrew rotation of piece of DNA

Question 24

Reciprocal translication

Answer 24

Parts of nonhomologous chromosomes change places

Question 25

Transposable elements

Answer 25

Move around genome which can disrupt the gebe function and cause mutation

Question 26

Complementation group

Answer 26

Collection of mutations that do not complement each other