Finals Flash Flashcards
(30 cards)
What enzyme cuts DNA at specific sequences?
Restriction enzymes.
What technique allows exponential amplification of DNA?
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).
What system uses gRNA and Cas9 for gene editing?
CRISPR-Cas9.
What is the purpose of a transgene?
To insert foreign DNA into an organism’s genome.
Which model organism has a fully mapped cell lineage?
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans).
Why is yeast useful in genetics?
Short generation time, grows as haploid or diploid, easy to manipulate.
What genetic tool is unique to Drosophila?
P-element mediated transgenesis.
Which organism is ideal for studying flowering and seed development?
Arabidopsis thaliana.
What is a plasmid?
A small circular DNA molecule used as a cloning vector in molecular biology.
What is the function of gel electrophoresis?
It separates DNA fragments by size using an electric field.
What are restriction enzymes used for in cloning?
They cut DNA at specific sequences to create fragments for cloning.
What is the role of the neoR and tk+ markers in gene targeting?
neoR allows selection for recombinants (G418 resistance); tk+ enables negative selection (ganciclovir sensitivity).
What type of gene disruption does ZFN or TALEN introduce?
Double-strand breaks, leading to gene knockout via nonhomologous end joining or homologous recombination.
What is siRNA?
Small interfering RNA that guides RISC to degrade target mRNA.
Which model organism led to the discovery of RNAi?
Caenorhabditis elegans.
What year did RNAi-based drugs first receive FDA approval?What is a conditional lethal mutant?
2018 (e.g., Patisiran for hereditary amyloidosis).
What is a suppressor screen?
A screen to identify mutations that restore a mutant phenotype back to wild-type.
What is the purpose of a balancer chromosome in Drosophila genetics?
To maintain lethal/sterile mutations and suppress recombination.
What makes C. elegans useful for cell lineage studies?
Transparency and invariant developmental cell lineages.
What is an imaginal disc in Drosophila?
A larval tissue that forms adult structures during metamorphosis.
Why is Mus musculus (mouse) important for studying human diseases?
Genome and physiology closely resemble humans, ideal for studying disease.
What is the purpose of using the Sanger sequencing method in genetics?
To determine the nucleotide order of a DNA fragment using chain-terminating ddNTPs.
What is the significance of the Human Genome Project?
Provided the full sequence of the human genome and revolutionized biomedical research.
What role does the enzyme Taq polymerase play in PCR?
It is a heat-stable DNA polymerase used to synthesize DNA during PCR cycles.
