Chapter 6

Question 1

What includes passive transport process?

Answer 1

dialysis
osmosis
filtration

Question 2

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeant solute is referred to as:

Answer 2

osmosis

Question 3

The trapping of bacteria by specialized white blood cells is an example of:

Answer 3

phagocytosis

Question 4

A hypertonic solution is one that contains:

Answer 4

a greater concentration of solute than the cell.

Question 5

The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as:

Answer 5

hydrostatic pressure.

Question 6

Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically expensive process.

T/F

Answer 6

False

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of an active transport process.

T/F

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Cellular secretion can be achieved by exocytosis.

T/F

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Solutes are particles dissolved in a solvent.

T/F

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Osmosis is a form of filtration that results in the separation of small and large solute particles.

T/F

Answer 10

False

Question 11

solution that draws water from a cell

Answer 11

hypertonic

Question 12

two fluids that have the same potential osmotic press

Answer 12

Isotonic

Question 13

solution that causes cells to swell

Answer 13

Hypotonic

Question 14

passive transport

Answer 14

diffusion

Question 15

active transport

Answer 15

endocytosis

Question 16

Enzymes that cause essential chemical reactions to occur are called:

Answer 16

Catalysts

Question 17

Molecules that are acted upon by enzymes are known as:

Answer 17

substrates

Question 18

In naming enzymes, the root name of the substance whose chemical reaction is catalyzed is followed by the suffix:

Answer 18

ase

Question 19

Most enzymes:

Answer 19

• are specific in their action.
• can alter their function by changing the shape of
  the molecule
• are synthesized as inactive proenzymes.

Question 20

Which of the following activates enzymes by means of an allosteric effect?

Answer 20

kinases

Question 21

Enzymes are:

Answer 21

Proteins

Question 22

The three processes that compose cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system.

T/F

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The portion of an enzyme molecule that chemically “fits” the substrate molecule(s) is referred to as the active site.

T/F

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The “lock and key” model is used to describe how DNA base pairs align.

T/F

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Protein anabolism is a major cellular activity. T/F

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The citric acid cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle. T/F

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Glycolysis is aerobic. T/F

Answer 27

False

Question 28

- It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. - It is anaerobic. - Glycolysis splits one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. .

Answer 28

True statements about glycolysis

Question 29

The Krebs cycle takes place in the

Answer 29

Mitochondria

Question 30

The third step in cellular respiration is:

Answer 30

electron transport system.

Question 31

Nurse Bricker was instructed to dissolve a pill in a small amount of liquid medication. As she dropped the capsule into the liquid, she was interrupted by the telephone. On her return to the medication cart, she found the medication completely dissolved and apparently scattered evenly throughout the liquid. This phenomenon did not surprise her because she was aware from her knowledge of cell transport that ___________________ had created this distribution.

Answer 31

Diffusion

Question 32

Bobbi ran in the Boston marathon. During the race, she lost a lot of fluids through perspiration and became dehydrated. Would you expect her cells to shrink, swell, or remain the same?

Answer 32

Shrink

Question 33

The energy required for active transport processes is obtained from:

Answer 33

ATP

Question 34

Movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is:

Answer 34

Passive transportation

Question 35

Osmosis is the __________ of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 35

Diffusion

Question 36

A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called:

Answer 36

an allosteric effector

Question 37

Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway that begins with glucose and ends with:

Answer 37

pyruvic acid.

Question 38

Which movement always occurs down a hydrostatic pressure gradient?

Answer 38

filtration

Question 39

The “uphill” movement of a substance through a living cell membrane is:

Answer 39

active transport.

Question 40

Membrane pumps are an example of which type of movement?

Answer 40

active transport

Question 41

An example of a cell that performs phagocytosis is the:

Answer 41

white blood cell.

Question 42

A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than living red blood cells would be:

Answer 42

hypertonic

Question 43

protein “tunnels”

Answer 43

Membrane tunnels

Question 44

phagocytosis

Answer 44

endocytosis

Question 45

enzyme

Answer 45

Pepsin

Question 46

enzymes that add or remove carbon dioxide .

Answer 46

carboxylases

Question 47

“cell drinking”

Answer 47

pinocytosis

Question 48

type of membrane channel

Answer 48

aquaporins .

Question 49

facilitated diffusion

Answer 49

carrier-mediated passive transport

Question 50

glycolysis

Answer 50

first stage of cellular respiration

Question 51

molecule able to diffuse across a particular membrane

Answer 51

Permeate