Chapter 7

Question 1

is required for cell growth.
begins with reading of the genetic “master code”in the cell’s DNA.
influences all cell structures and functions.

Answer 1

Protein synthesis:

Question 2

In the dna molecule, a system with three base pairs are called

Answer 2

codon

Question 3

Transcription can best be described as the:

Answer 3

synthesis of any RNA molecule.

Question 4

The site of transcription is within the nucleus,
whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
True or false

Answer 4

True

Question 5

. A DNA molecule is characterized by

Answer 5

double-helix shape
obligatory base pairing
phosphate groups.

Question 6

characteristic of RNA

Answer 6

It is single-stranded.
It contains uracil, not thymine.
The obligatory base pairs are adenine-uracil and
guanine-cytosine.

Question 7

Nucleic acids are synthesized directly on the DNA molecule with the help of:

Answer 7

enzymes

Question 8

Process that occurs when the double strands of a DNA segment separate and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides

Answer 8

transcription

Question 9

The type of RNA that carries information in groups of three nucleotides called codons, each of which codes for a specific amino acid

Answer 9

mRNA

Question 10

The type of RNA that has an anticodon and binds to a base pair–specific amino acid

Answer 10

tRNA

Question 11

The process involving the movement of mRNA with respect to the ribosome

Answer 11

Translation

Question 12

Uracil-adenine

Answer 12

complementary base pair

Question 13

The site of translation

Answer 13

Ribosome

Question 14

The correct order of mitosis

Answer 14

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Question 15

The total of 46 chromosomes per cell is referred to as:

Answer 15

Diploid

Question 16

type of cell division that occurs only in primitive sex cells during the process of becoming mature sex cells

Answer 16

meiosis

Question 17

Splitting of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm into two during cell reproduction is called:

Answer 17

cytokinesis

Question 18

Cell reproduction is sometimes referred to as the:

Answer 18

M phase

Question 19

Atrophy refers to a decrease in cell size.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Genetic disorders are mutations in a cell’s generic code

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Cell death due to injury or a pathologic
condition is known as necrosis.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

A blood disease caused by the production of abnormal hemoglobin is known as sickle cell anemia.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Mrs. McWilliam’s home pregnancy test indicated that she was pregnant. She made an appointment with her doctor to confirm the results. While she was there, she inquired about ordering genetic testing while she was pregnant. What information might these tests reveal?

Answer 23

Genes are responsible for all of our healthy attributes or conditions such as sex, hair color, and eyes. Genetic disorders are pathological conditions caused by mistakes, or mutations, in a cell’s genetic code. Abnormal genes often cause a specific disease that can be identified just weeks after conception and can many times be treated prior to delivery.

Question 24

Dan broke his arm playing high school football and had to wear a cast for 6 weeks. When the doctor finally removed his cast, he was shocked to see that his arm had shrunk remarkably. His shock and disappointment were visible to the doctor. What should the doctor tell him about his arm?

Answer 24

When a broken arm is immobilized in a cast for a long period, muscles that move the arm often atrophy. Because the muscles are temporarily out of use, muscle cells decrease in size. Dan’s arm will return to normal as he begins to use his arm more and returns to the level of exercise that he had prior to the fracture.

Question 25

The genetic code for a particular protein is passed from DNA to mRNA by a process known as

Answer 25

Transcription

Question 26

If a strand of DNA has a base sequence of AGGC, the complementary pair for that strand will be:

Answer 26

TCCG

Question 27

The spindle fibers attach to each chromatid during which stage of mitosis?

Answer 27

metaphase

Question 28

During which stage of mitosis does the cleavage furrow begin to develop?

Answer 28

Anaphase

Question 29

The phase of mitosis known as the completion phase is

Answer 29

Telephase

Question 30

The phase of mitosis known as the apart phase is

Answer 30

Anaphase

Question 31

The position-changing phase of mitosis is

Answer 31

Metaphase

Question 32

When a cell is not experiencing mitosis

Answer 32

Inerphase

Question 33

When a cell begins to divide, it is said to be in the before phase

Answer 33

Prophase

Question 34

All of the DNA in each cell of the body is called the

Answer 34

Genome

Question 35

If the sequence of bases in a nucleic acid were AUCGA, which of the following statements would be true?

Answer 35

It is a strand of RNA. d. It will remain in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 36

Translation can be inhibited or prevented by a process called:

Answer 36

Rna interference

Question 37

The DNA molecular structure allows only two combinations of bases to occur. This is known as

Answer 37

Obligatory base pairing

Question 38

The complete set of proteins synthesized by a cell is called the _______________ of the cell.

Answer 38

Proteome

Question 39

The shape of a DNA molecule is referred to as a

Answer 39

Double helix

Question 40

is the type of cell division that occurs only in primitive sex cells

Answer 40

Metosis

Question 41

Mature sex cells are called

Answer 41

Gametes