Chapter 6 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is cognitive reserve?
refers to exceptional mental performance, particularly when a person has to work at maximum mental capacity; first observed in cognitively impaired people who performed better than expected in everyday life.
Define Competency
the ability to understand information that applies to a decision, the ability to think about the consequences of the decision, and the ability to communicate a decision.
What is the constant-probability-of-success model
states that the ratio of quality works to total works produced during a career stays the same at every stage of the career
what is contextual view of memory?
the idea that many conditions influence memory, including physical, psychological, and social contexts and the knowledge, abilities, and characteristics of the individual, as well as the situation I which the individual is asked to remember.
define crystallized intelligence
depends on stored information acculturation, and learning.
define depression
the emotional state of feeling sad, helpless, irritable, and hopeless
define developmental disability
a significant impairment in mental ability to present at birth or acquired in childhood or adolescence
define developmental intelligence
the growth of wisdom in later life - an advanced style of cognition
define encoding
the process whereby a person puts new bits of information together wit already stored information
define episodic memory
oriented toward the past or acquired at a specific time and place, as in learning in an experimental setting
define fluid intelligence
reasoning, abstracting, concept formation, and problem solving, with little use for knowledge gained through reading, school, or work.
define intellectual disability
refers to disorders that lead to limited mental capacity and problems with daily activities such as managing money and social interaction
define latency
the length of time it takes for a person to process information or respond to a question
define legal guardian ship
process in which the court appoints someone to make decisions on another persons behalf
define long term memory
the storehouse of knowledge that also includes the rules for applying knowledge
memory
the recall of information after learning has taken place
Define non-episodic memory
oriented toward the present or the future, with. No reference to the time at which the person stored the memory; includes learned skills through practice or a person’s general knowledge in the world
Define plasticity
the brain’s ability to change and adapt over time
What is semantic memory?
the store of factual information
What is sensory memory?
information perceived through the senses and stored as memory
What is short-term memory?
where information is stored temporarily while it is being processed, or for a short time afterward
Define stereotype threat
an older person’s fear of failure on memory tests; this can lead to poor performance
Define wisdom
“highly valued and outstanding expert knowledge . . . Related to the meaning and conduct of life”
Define working memory
where recently acquired information is manipulated and processed at the same time as it is being stored temporarily
