What is experimental research?
Data collection method where one or more IVs are manipulated to measure the effect on the DV and where you control other causes.
What is an extraneous variable?
Every possible variable that can influence the DV other dan the IV.
What are the two main objectives of experimental studies?
To draw valid conclusions about the effects of IV on DV.
To make valid generalizations towards a broader population.
When do you need internal validity?
To draw valid conclusions.
When do you need external validity?
To make valid generalizations towards population.
What is confound?
A variable (Z) that threatens internal validity.
What prevents confounds?
Include extraneous and control variables in the design.
What is an history effect?
Events/factors outside the experiment that have an impact on the DV.
What is an maturation effect?
Biological changes over time.
What is an testing effect?
Prior testing affects the DV.
What is an instrumentation effect?
The observed effect is due to a change in measurement.
What is an statistical regression effect?
Extreme scores in the beggin are less extreme towards the end.
What is selection bias effect?
Incorrect selection of respondents.
What is mortality effect?
Drop out of respondents during experiment.
How can you increase internal validity within experiments?
Randomization,
Design control,
Statistical control.
What is randomization in internal validity?
Random allocation of participants to different conditions.
What is design control in internal validity?
Include control group,
Include extra goups.
What is statistical control?
Measure extraneous variables and include these in the analysis.
What is an lab experiment?
Artificial setting to have as much control as possible over the manipulations.
What is an field exerpiment?
Natural environment where manilpulation is possible.
What has an high internal validity?
Lab experiment.
What has an high external validity?
Field experiment.
Which four experimental designs are there?
Pre-experimental
True experimental
Quasi experimental
Statistical.
What is EG?
Experimental group.
What is CG?
Control group.
What is Xi?
Exposure of group to treatment.
What is Oi?
Observation.
What is R?
Random allocation.
For Reliability in survey’s you use?
Cronbach on multi-item
What is an covariate?
Extranous variabl Z (variabel die invloed kan hebben op je Y)
Which three pre-experimental designs are there?
One-shot case study
One-group pre/post-test
Static group
Which three true experimental designs are there?
Pre/posttest Control Group
Posttest only Control Group
Solomon Four-Group
Which two Quasi Experiments designs are there?
Time series
Multiple Time series
Which three statistical experimental designs are there?
Randomized Blocks
Latin Square
Factorial
Remark of One-Shot design?
No comparison possible.
Remark of One-Group Pre/Posttest
No control voor extraneous variables.
Remark of Static Group?
EG and CG can differ.
Remark of Solomon Four-Group?
Takes retest effects into account.
What is an Factorial Design?
Design with multiple IV
Tests for interaction/moderating effects.
Experimental research is measuring the?
Effect of X on Y (Causal).
Survey and Archival research are measuring?
Relationship between X on Y (Correlational).