Chapter 6

Question 1

What is experimental research?

Answer 1

Data collection method where one or more IVs are manipulated to measure the effect on the DV and where you control other causes.

Question 2

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 2

Every possible variable that can influence the DV other dan the IV.

Question 3

What are the two main objectives of experimental studies?

Answer 3

To draw valid conclusions about the effects of IV on DV.

To make valid generalizations towards a broader population.

Question 4

When do you need internal validity?

Answer 4

To draw valid conclusions.

Question 5

When do you need external validity?

Answer 5

To make valid generalizations towards population.

Question 6

What is confound?

Answer 6

A variable (Z) that threatens internal validity.

Question 7

What prevents confounds?

Answer 7

Include extraneous and control variables in the design.

Question 8

What is an history effect?

Answer 8

Events/factors outside the experiment that have an impact on the DV.

Question 9

What is an maturation effect?

Answer 9

Biological changes over time.

Question 10

What is an testing effect?

Answer 10

Prior testing affects the DV.

Question 11

What is an instrumentation effect?

Answer 11

The observed effect is due to a change in measurement.

Question 12

What is an statistical regression effect?

Answer 12

Extreme scores in the beggin are less extreme towards the end.

Question 13

What is selection bias effect?

Answer 13

Incorrect selection of respondents.

Question 14

What is mortality effect?

Answer 14

Drop out of respondents during experiment.

Question 15

How can you increase internal validity within experiments?

Answer 15

Randomization,
Design control,
Statistical control.

Question 16

What is randomization in internal validity?

Answer 16

Random allocation of participants to different conditions.

Question 17

What is design control in internal validity?

Answer 17

Include control group,

Include extra goups.

Question 18

What is statistical control?

Answer 18

Measure extraneous variables and include these in the analysis.

Question 19

What is an lab experiment?

Answer 19

Artificial setting to have as much control as possible over the manipulations.

Question 20

What is an field exerpiment?

Answer 20

Natural environment where manilpulation is possible.

Question 21

What has an high internal validity?

Answer 21

Lab experiment.

Question 22

What has an high external validity?

Answer 22

Field experiment.

Question 23

Which four experimental designs are there?

Answer 23

Pre-experimental
True experimental
Quasi experimental
Statistical.

Question 24

What is EG?

Answer 24

Experimental group.

Question 25

What is CG?

Answer 25

Control group.

Question 26

What is Xi?

Answer 26

Exposure of group to treatment.

Question 27

What is Oi?

Answer 27

Observation.

Question 28

What is R?

Answer 28

Random allocation.

Question 29

For Reliability in survey's you use?

Answer 29

Cronbach on multi-item

Question 30

What is an covariate?

Answer 30

Extranous variabl Z (variabel die invloed kan hebben op je Y)

Question 31

Which three pre-experimental designs are there?

Answer 31

One-shot case study One-group pre/post-test Static group

Question 32

Which three true experimental designs are there?

Answer 32

Pre/posttest Control Group Posttest only Control Group Solomon Four-Group

Question 33

Which two Quasi Experiments designs are there?

Answer 33

Time series | Multiple Time series

Question 34

Which three statistical experimental designs are there?

Answer 34

Randomized Blocks Latin Square Factorial

Question 35

Remark of One-Shot design?

Answer 35

No comparison possible.

Question 36

Remark of One-Group Pre/Posttest

Answer 36

No control voor extraneous variables.

Question 37

Remark of Static Group?

Answer 37

EG and CG can differ.

Question 38

Remark of Solomon Four-Group?

Answer 38

Takes retest effects into account.

Question 39

What is an Factorial Design?

Answer 39

Design with multiple IV | Tests for interaction/moderating effects.

Question 40

Experimental research is measuring the?

Answer 40

Effect of X on Y (Causal).

Question 41

Survey and Archival research are measuring?

Answer 41

Relationship between X on Y (Correlational).