Chapter 6

Question 1

How many elements were identified by 1700?

Answer 1

13 elements

Question 2

Triads

Answer 2

Three elements with similar properties.

Question 3

How did Dmitri Mendeleev arrange his periodic table?

Answer 3

Elements were in the order of increasing atomic mass.

Question 4

Periodic Law

Answer 4

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

Question 5

What three classes make up the periodic table?

Answer 5

Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Question 6

Metal

Answer 6

Makeup 80% of elements, good conductors, high luster, solid at room temperature, ductile, and malleable.

Question 7

Conductor

Answer 7

Heat and electricity can easily pass through.

Question 8

Ductile

Answer 8

Can be drawn into wires.

Question 9

Malleable

Answer 9

Can be hammered into thin sheets.

Question 10

Nonmetals

Answer 10

Opposite of metals, more variety in properties, most are gas at room temperature, mostly brittle.

Question 11

Metalloids

Answer 11

A blending of metal and nonmetal properties, changes based on conditions. Located along the stair-step line.

Question 12

How many facts are usually in the element’s box on the periodic table?

Answer 12

Four facts.

Atomic number, symbol, name, and atomic mass.

Question 13

How can elements be sorted into groups?

Answer 13

Based on their electron configuration.

Question 14

What plays a key role in determining the properties of elements?

Answer 14

Electrons

Question 15

Noble Gases

Answer 15

Group 18; 8a

Rarely react, outer layers are completely full of electrons.

Question 16

Representative Elements

Answer 16

Groups 1,2, 13-17; 1a-7a

Some are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, highest energy levels are not filled.

Question 17

Transition Elements

Answer 17

Groups 3-12; b groups

Two types: transition metals and inner transition metals.

Question 18

Atomic Radius

Answer 18

One half of the distance between the nucleus of two atoms of the same element when atoms are joined.

Question 19

What is the trend of atomic size?

Answer 19

It increases from top to bottom and decreases from left to right.

Question 20

Ions

Answer 20

A group of atoms that has an electric charge.

Question 21

Cation

Answer 21

A positive ion, usually a metal

Question 22

Anion

Answer 22

A negative ion, usually a nonmetal.

Question 23

Ionization Energy

Answer 23

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Question 24

What is the trend of first ionization?

Answer 24

Energy tends to increase from left to right and decrease from top to bottom.

Question 25

How do cations and anions compare to the atoms from which they form? Why?

Answer 25

Cations are always smaller than the atom. Anions are always larger than the atom. Cations have the same amount of protons but a different number of electrons.

Question 26

Electronegativity

Answer 26

The ability of an atom to attract electrons.

Question 27

What is the trend of electronegativity?

Answer 27

The values decrease from top to bottom.

Question 28

What is the trend of representative elements?

Answer 28

The values increase from left to right.

Question 29

How many electrons are in the outer layer?

Answer 29

``` 1-1 2-2 13-3 14-4 15-5 16-6 17-7 18-8 ```

Question 30

What does periodic mean?

Answer 30

Repeating or having a pattern.

Question 31

Atomic Mass

Answer 31

Protons + Nuetrons

Question 32

Atomic Number

Answer 32

Number of protons

Question 33

What is room temperature?

Answer 33

70 degrees F

Question 34

Periodic Table

Answer 34

An arrangement of elements.