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EMT Medical Terminology > Chapter 6: Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Anatomy Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

topography

A

external landmarks, such as notches, joints, or bumps on bones

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2
Q

Musculoskeletal

A

Gives body its shape, protects vital internal organs, and provides for body movement. extends to all parts of the body and contains the skeleton, bones, joints, and muscles.

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3
Q

Skull

A

Bony structure of the head, encloses and protects the brain.

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4
Q

Cranium

A

Consists of top, back, and sides of skull

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5
Q

Spinal Column

A

provides structure and support for the body and houses and protects the spinal cord. Consists of 33 vertebrae

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6
Q

cervical (1-7)

A

Neck; Easiest part of spinal column to injure

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7
Q

Thoracic (1-12)

A

Thorax, ribs, upper back; Thorax protects the heart and lungs

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8
Q

Lumbar (1-5)

A

Lower back

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9
Q

Sacral

A

Back wall of Pelvis

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10
Q

Coccyx

A

Tailbone

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11
Q

Sternum

A

breastbone; Manubrium (superior portion), the body (center portion), and Xiphoid process (inferior tip).

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12
Q

Ileum

A

Superior bone that contains the iliac crest, which is the wide bony wing that can be felt near the waist

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13
Q

Ischium

A

Inferior, posterior portion of the pelvis is the part of the pelvis that you sit on.

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14
Q

Acetabulum

A

the socket of the hip joint

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15
Q

Femur

A

largest long bone in the body

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16
Q

patella

A

kneecap

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17
Q

Lateral malleolus

A

Lower end of the fibula

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18
Q

medial malleolus

A

lower end of the tibia

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19
Q

Joint

A

Form when bone connects to other bone; ball and socket and hinge

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20
Q

Muscles

A

Protect the body, give it shape, and allow for movement; three types

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21
Q

Voluntary muscle

A

skeletal muscle, under conscious control vis the nervous system. Form the major muscle mass of the body, and they can contract on voluntary control.

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22
Q

Involuntary muscle

A

smooth muscle, found in gastrointestinal system, lungs, blood vessels, and urinary system. Respond automatically to orders from the brain, Respond to stimuli such as heat and cold.

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23
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

special form of involuntary muscle, sensitive to decreased oxygen supply. Has its own blood supply trough the coronary artery system

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24
Q

automaticity

A

heart has the ability to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own; heartbeat controlled by this.

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25
Respiratory System
purposes are ventilation and oxygenation.
26
Oropharynx
area directly posterior to the mouth
27
nasopharynx
area directly posterior to the nose
28
pharynx
area that includes both the oropharynx and nasopharynx
29
alveoli
small sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs
30
diaphragm
structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity; controlled by the phrenic nerve
31
inhalation
active process; diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract; negative pressure
32
exhalation
passive process: diaphragm and intercostal muscle relax; positive pressure
33
Ventilation
movement of gases to and from the alveoli
34
Respiration
process of moving gasses between the cells and the blood
35
Cardiovascular system
Heart, blood, and blood vessels; pumps blood through the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes
36
Left ventricle
Since the blood must reach all parts of the body, the left ventricle is the most muscular and strongest part of the heart
37
Cardiac Conduction System
heart has its own natural pacemaker and a system of specialized muscle cells that conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
38
Blood vessels
described by their function, their location, and whether they carry blood away from or to the heart
39
Coronary Arteries
branch off from the aorta and supply the heart muscle with blood
40
Brachial Artery
in the upper arm is the pulse checked during infant CPR
41
arteriole
smallest branch of arteries
42
capillaries
tiny blood vessels found throughout the body; are where gases, nutrients, and waste products are exchanged between the body’s cells and the bloodstream
43
Plasma
watery, salty fluid that makes up more than half the volume of blood. waste carbon dioxide dissolves in plasma to be transported back to lungs
44
Pulse
formed when the left ventricle contracts, sending a pressure wave through the arteries.
45
Peripheral Pulses
Outer reaches of the body
46
Central Pulses
felt in the central part of the body
47
Blood Pressure
the force blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels
48
Systolic Blood Pressure
each time the left ventricle contracts, it forces blood into circulation
49
diastolic blood pressure
when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and filling, the pressure remaining in the arteries
50
perfusion
Adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body, with the removal of waste products
51
Circulation
movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels
52
Shock
hypoperfusion; Blood is not reaching and filling all the capillary networks of the body, which means that oxygen will not be delivered to, and waste products will not be removed from, all the body’s tissues. Hypoperfusion can lead to death
53
ventilation Perfusion
This coupling of a sufficient amount of air with a sufficient amount of blood; abbreviated as V/Q match
54
Lymphatic System
collaboration of organs, tissues, thin-walled vessels, and fluids that are found throughout the entire body; capture fluid (called lymph) that escapes from cells and tissues and return it to the bloodstream; adenoids, spleen, thymus, and tonsils
55
Nervous System
It transmits impulses that govern sensation, movement, and thought. It also controls the body’s voluntary and involuntary activity. It is subdivided into the central and peripheral nervous systems
56
Central nervous System
key function of the central nervous system is consciousness. The reticular activating system is a series of nerve pathways in the brain and is essentially responsible for keeping a person awake
57
Digestive System
provides the mechanisms by which food travels through the body and is digested, or broken down into absorbable forms
58
Stomach
In the stomach, acidic gastric juices begin to break food down into components that the body will be able to convert into energy.
59
Small Intestine
the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum; This organ receives food from the stomach and continues to break it down for absorption. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through the wall of the small intestine.
60
Large Intestine
removes water from waste products as they move toward elimination from the body. Anything not absorbed from this point is moved through the colon and excreted as feces.
61
Liver
produces bile, which is excreted into the small intestine to assist in the breakdown of fats. The liver has many additional functions, including detoxifying harmful substances, storing sugar, and assisting in production of blood products
62
gallbladder
stores bile
63
pancreas
production of the hormone insulin, which is involved in the regulation of sugar in the bloodstream; also secretes juices that assist in breaking down proteins, carbohydrates, and fat.
64
Spleen
Blood filtration system
65
Appendix
made up of lymphatic tissue. Its exact function is not well understood, but it is often considered part of the digestive system because an infected appendix (appendicitis) is a common cause of abdominal pain.
66
Right Upper Quadrant
Liver, Right Kidney, gallbladder, colon, pancreas
67
Left Upper Quadrant
Stomach, left Kidney, spleen, colon, pancreas,
68
Right Lower Quadrant
appendix, small intestine, ureter, major artery and vein to right leg
69
Left Lower Quadrant
colon, small intestine, ureter, major vein and artery to left leg
70
integumentary System
performs a variety of functions, such as protection, water balance, temperature regulation, excretion, and shock absorption.
71
Dermis
which is rich with blood vessels, nerves, and specialized structures such as sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, and hair follicles
72
Subcutaneous Layer
Shock absorption and insulation are major functions of this layer
73
Renal System (urinary system)
helps the body regulate fluid levels, filter chemicals, and adjust body pH
74

EMT Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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