Chapter 6 Genetics

Question 1

What is heredity

Answer 1

the passage of characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 2

What is DNA

Answer 2

a type of nucleic acid that contain sugar, deoxyribose

Question 3

Where is DNA found

Answer 3

mainly in the nucleus but also in the mitochondria and cytoplasm

Question 4

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases

Answer 4

A, G, C , T

Question 5

What are genes

Answer 5

are small functional hereditary units located on a specific site of a chromosome

Question 6

What is genetic code

Answer 6

making a specific protein

Question 7

What is a codon

Answer 7

a triplet code necessary for protein synthesis

Question 8

How many different amino acids are there

Answer 8

20

Question 9

What is RNA

Answer 9

reading of the genetic code

Question 10

What is mRNA ?

Answer 10

a template for protein synthesis dependent on a codon sequence that is based on that of the complementary strand of DNA

Question 11

What are exons

Answer 11

pieces of the coding RNA that are retained

Question 12

What are introns?

Answer 12

Segements of the RNA that are excised

Question 13

What is tRNA

Answer 13

delivers products for protein production

Question 14

What is rRNA

Answer 14

produced in the nucleolus and nuclear ribosomal proteins

Question 15

What is translation

Answer 15

protein synthesis of the genetic code

Question 16

What are chromatids

Answer 16

one of two strands newly formed during the early process of chromosome duplication

Question 17

What is a centromere?

Answer 17

center region

Question 18

What are telomeres

Answer 18

the tips of each chromosome are composed of DNA segments

Question 19

What are histones

Answer 19

DNA is wound around spool-like protein cores

Question 20

What is a diploid?

Answer 20

number of chromosomes

Question 21

Autosomes

Answer 21

total number of chromosomes which is 46

Question 22

Sex chromosomes

Answer 22

2 sex chromosomes X and Y or XX

Question 23

Euploid Cells

Answer 23

multiple of the normal number of chromosomes

Question 24

Triploidy

Answer 24

three copies of each chromosome

Question 25

Tetraploidy

Answer 25

four copies of each chromosome

Question 26

Aneuploidy

Answer 26

abnormal amount of chromosomes

Question 27

Downs Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Answer 27

three copies of one chromosome, intellectual disability, low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, protruding tongue

Question 28

Turner syndrome

Answer 28

only one copy of any chromosome, females with only one X chromosome, underdeveloped ovaries, short stature, webbing of neck, edema, underdeveloped breasts

Question 29

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 29

at least two Xs and one Y chromosome, male appearence, develope female-like breasts, small testes usually sterile, sparse body hair

Question 30

Disjunction

Answer 30

normal separation of chromosomes during cell division

Question 31

nondisjunction

Answer 31

usually the cause of aneuploidy, failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis

Question 32

Deletion

Answer 32

breakage or loss of DNA, Cri du chat syndrome (cry of the cat), deletion of short arm chromosome 5, low birth weight, intellectual disability

Question 33

1. A person’s phenotype can be best described as: a. the genetic makeup of an individual. b. traits that are observable or apparent. c. traits that are inherited in a recessive pattern. d. traits that are inherited in a dominant pattern.

Answer 33

b. traits that are observable or apparent.

Question 34

2. A person’s genotype can be best described as: a. the genetic makeup of an individual. b. traits that are observable or apparent. c. traits that are inherited in a recessive pattern. d. traits that are inherited in a dominant pattern.

Answer 34

a. the genetic makeup of an individual.

Question 35

3. Which of these conditions follows a Mendelian pattern of recessive inheritance? a. Coronary artery disease b. Down syndrome c. Marfan syndrome d. Tay-Sachs disease

Answer 35

d. Tay-Sachs disease

Question 36

4. Which of these conditions follows a multifactorial pattern of inheritance? a. Coronary artery disease b. Down syndrome c. Marfan syndrome d. Tay-Sachs disease

Answer 36

a. Coronary artery disease

Question 37

5. Fortification of foods with folic acid has resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of: a. Huntington disease. b. Turner syndrome. c. neural tube defects. d. cleft lip and palate.

Answer 37

c. neural tube defects.

Question 38

6. Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities can result in an inheritable form of trisomy? a. Nondisjunction during meiosis b. Balanced translocation c. Insertion d. Deletion

Answer 38

b. Balanced translocation