Chapter 6 Infant Social Development

Question 1

When do infants first show emotion?

Answer 1

at birth

Question 2

Disgust from babies was first considered a survival tactic to ward off nasty things that could kill the baby. True or false?

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Stranger anxiety is,

Answer 3

weariness of not knowing someone well, occurs 6-12 months

Question 4

Separation anxiety is,

Answer 4

distress from separation of attachment figure, occurs 8-14 months

Question 5

Anger in older infants occur,

Answer 5

when their is goal directed behavior, autonomy is also present, considered to be the terrible two’s, occurs 6/18-36 months

Question 6

Stubbornness in older infants,

Answer 6

due to understanding and wanting to say “no” to everything as well as needing guidance

Question 7

Social referencing is,

Answer 7

relying on another person’s emotional reaction to appraise an uncertain situation

Question 8

Self-conscious emotions occur,

Answer 8

around 18 months and develop throughout life

Question 9

The two biggest emotions children are guided towards are,

Answer 9

guilt + empathy b/c those are the hardest emotions to understand for children

Question 10

Emotional Self regulation,

Answer 10

are self soothing behaviors for children to do on their own (i.e. breathing, counting down to 1 from 10, and singing to oneself)

Question 11

Seduction theory is when,

Answer 11

children who were seduced by adults will have a mental illness later on in life

Question 12

Erikson’s Psychosocial stages we will focus on are,

Answer 12

Trust vs. Mistrust

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Question 13

Castration anxiety is,

Answer 13

the fear of loss of a penis

Question 14

Trust vs. Mistrust is,

Answer 14

tied to attachment due to care

Question 15

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt is,

Answer 15

being able to do things on their own vs I cannot do things on my own

Question 16

Parent’s who take good care of their child’s basic needs and supply adequate affection help the child develop,

• initiative
• industry
• autonomy
• trust

Answer 16

trust

Question 17

Temperament traits are,

Answer 17

innate and can be measured when kids are born due to stability, personality and may differ from sibling to sibling.

Question 18

There are 9 things that help determine temperament, what are they?

Answer 18

activity level
rhythmicity
approach-withdrawal
adaptability
intensity of reaction
threshold of responsiveness
quality of mood
attention span/persistence
distractibility

Question 19

Structure of temperament

Answer 19

easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up, unclassified/mixture

Question 20

Easy %

Answer 20

40%

Question 21

Difficult %

Answer 21

10%

Question 22

Slow-to-warm-up %

Answer 22

15%

Question 23

Unclassified/mixture %

Answer 23

35%

Question 24

Biological basis for Temperament

Answer 24

Inhibited/shy vs. Uninhibited/sociable

Question 25

Inhibited/shy children,

Answer 25

- react negatively, withdraw - ^ <3 rate, ^ stress, ^ symptoms from stress - ^ right hemi frontal cortex activity

Question 26

Uninhibited/social children,

Answer 26

- react positively, approach - decrease <3 rate, stress, and symptoms from stress - ^ left hemi frontal cortex activity

Question 27

Attachment function, proximity seeking, and working models:

Answer 27

- makes you feel better during times of stress - reaching out to attachment figure - gives the child/person a sense of being worthy of love and care

Question 28

John Bowlby studied?

Answer 28

Ethological Theory of attachment

Question 29

Attachment takes months to develop in human and is done across species? True or False?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Pre-attachment is when,

Answer 30

the child will cry due to need of care

Question 31

Attachment in the making is when,

Answer 31

attachment is being made, can take up to 6 weeks/6 months to 8 months for the primary care giver

Question 32

Clear-cut attachment is described between,

Answer 32

a Secured base and a Separation anxiety

Question 33

Secure base is when,

Answer 33

the child checks in with mom and continues actions

Question 34

Separation anxiety is when,

Answer 34

the child fears that the mother will not come back and cries

Question 35

Formation of the reciprocal relationship b/w child and mother is when,

Answer 35

the child has high autonomy and can be comfortable when a stranger is present, occurs 18 months

Question 36

Harlows Studies

Answer 36

Monkey studies focusing on wire and terrycloth materials comforting the baby, what is more important, comfort or food? The baby monkey liked nurture but would run over to the food every now and then.

Question 37

Reactive attachment disorder

Answer 37

when a child cannot attach

Question 38

The strange situation was conducted by who?

Answer 38

Mary Ainsworth

Question 39

What was the strange situation?

Answer 39

Ainsworth watched mother's and infants union and separation in Uganda, looked at the behavior of the child and paired attachment styles

Question 40

The four types of attachment

Answer 40

Secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized

Question 41

Secure attachment 60%

Answer 41

easily soothed by parent under stress

Question 42

Avoidant attachment 15%

Answer 42

may or may not distress but will avoid mom

Question 43

Resistant attachment 10%

Answer 43

baby gets upset and stranger soothes the baby ultimately

Question 44

Disorganized attachment 15%

Answer 44

(newest) these babies do not show any from of stress, play, or security and can be dazed, confused, or show odd behavior

Question 45

Caregiving and secure attachment

Answer 45

provide for child and attend to them

Question 46

Caregiving and insecure avoidant attachment

Answer 46

when the parents are basically too busy for the child

Question 47

Caregiving and insecure anxious attachment

Answer 47

when the parents are inconsistent or provide no levels of care

Question 48

Caregiving and disorganized attachment

Answer 48

severe psychopathology + use of drugs/alcohol are present

Question 49

A child is more at risk of a bad temperament if a child has poor attachment with caregivers? True or false

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Mothers are more like to be the primary caregivers? True or false?

Answer 50

True, then it goes father, siblings, grandparents, and professional care providers

Question 51

Fathers are considered to be the playmates? True or false

Answer 51

True