Chapter 6- Interactions with cells

Question 1

Transmembrane protein

Answer 1

things pass

Question 2

Transport maximum

Answer 2

the maximum amount the transporter can move. If it’s higher than maximum some glucose slips by and is in the urine

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

water diffusing across a membrane

Question 4

Osmotically active

Answer 4

solutes that cannot pass through a membrane, therefore, promote osmosis

Question 5

Osmolarity

Answer 5

solute concentration/molality of solutes

Question 6

Molarity vs. molality

Answer 6

Molarity: mol/liter Molality: mol/kg

Question 7

Tonicity

Answer 7

ability of a solute to “pull” water

Question 8

Three types of osmosis solutions

Answer 8

Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic

Question 9

Isotonic

Answer 9

same concentration of solutes inside the cell and out. No net movement

Question 10

HyPOtonic

Answer 10

Higher concentration inside the cell than outside the cell. Movement into the cell. Hemolysis possible

Question 11

Hypertonic

Answer 11

Lower concentration inside the cell than outside the cell. Water movement from cell to out of cell. shrinkage

Question 12

Edema

Answer 12

accumulation of fluid in the tissues

Question 13

ECF

Answer 13

extra cellular fluid

Question 14

321 NOKIA

Answer 14

3 Na+ out 2 K+ in 1 ATP

Question 15

ICF

Answer 15

introcellular fluid

Question 16

Primary active transpor

Answer 16

carrier protein that uses ATP

Question 17

Secondary active transport

Answer 17

carrier protein does not use ATP. Dependent on primary active transport

Question 18

Endocytosis

Answer 18

vesicular processes that bring material into cell

Question 19

PHagocytosis

Answer 19

engulfs large particles to digest them CELL EATING

Question 20

Pinocytosis

Answer 20

(pina colada) “cell drinking” intake of ECF and dissolved solutes. Not particles, just bringing solutes

Question 21

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 21

ligand binds to a receptor to cause endocytosis

Question 22

exocytosis

Answer 22

vesicular transport to discharge material from the cell

Question 23

membrane potential

Answer 23

potential difference across a membrane

Question 24

What does membrane potential depend on

Answer 24

concentration gradient and membrane permeability

Question 25

Nernst Equation

Answer 25

calculates an ion's equilibrium potential. The voltage necessary to oppose the net movement of an ion down its concentration gradient

Question 26

What goes through gap junctions in cell signaling

Answer 26

ions. it's small solutes passing between neighboring cells

Question 27

four types of chemical cell signaling

Answer 27

autocrine (targeting itself), Signaling across gap junctions (targets a cell connected by gap junctions), Paracrine (A cell targets a nearby cell. it floats in the extracellular fluid), Endocrine (cell targets a distant cell through bloodstream)

Question 28

Example of autocrine

Answer 28

immune cells

Question 29

example of gap junction signalling

Answer 29

ions. cardiac muscles

Question 30

example of paracrine

Answer 30

stomach

Question 31

example of endocrine signalling

Answer 31

hormones

Question 32

WHen signaling via receptor proteins can polar or nonpolar pass through by itself without a extracellular receptor?

Answer 32

nonpolar (aka hydrophobic). Hydrophilic can't ender the cell by itself.

Question 33

What are secondary messengers in cell signaling pathways

Answer 33

G protein w GTP, adenul cyclase w ATP, and cAMP. Primary messenger is the signal molecule and receptor