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psych 104 > Chapter 6 part 1: sleep > Flashcards

Chapter 6 part 1: sleep Flashcards

1
Q

consciousness definition

A

subjective experience of our world, our bodies, and mental perspectives

  • thoughts, emotions, sensations, actions, events
  • typical in single celled organisms
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2
Q

consciousness constantly in flux

A
  • subjective and private (same event experienced differently)
  • continuously changing (perception changes based on attention and awareness)
  • selective attention (e.g watching a video)
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3
Q

3 methods of measuring conscious states

A

self reports
physiological
behavioural

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4
Q

self report methods of measuring conscious

A

direct insight into subjective experience, not verifiable

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5
Q

physiological measuring of conscious states

A

HR, EEG, sweating, relate body state to mental state

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6
Q

Behavioural measuring of conscious states

A

task performance/ rouge test/ more objective than self report but have to infer state of mind.

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7
Q

freud’s psychodynamic perspective

A

he talks about the 3 level model of consciousness and how nonconscious processes influence behaviour

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8
Q

freud’s 3 level model of consciousness

A

conscious = our current awareness
preconscious = outside awareness but easily recalled
unconscious

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9
Q

controlled processing

A

things like planning, studying, flexible and being open to change.

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10
Q

automatic processing

A

has little conscious effort
- well learned routine, does not hange
faster executions, less brain recruitment

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11
Q

divided attention

A

performing more than one activity a time

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12
Q

visual agnosia

A

can tell shape and colour but can’t consciously name or recognize object, tend to describe what they’re seeing

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13
Q

blind sight is the damage of what part of the brain?

A

V1 (cortical blindess - some visual information bypasses v1 and is processed in association areas)

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14
Q

superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

20,000 neurons in hypothalamus (active during day, quiet at night)
controls levels of alertness
- cues siesta (napping in afternoon)

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15
Q

______ rhythms prepare us for sleep

A

circadian rhythms

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16
Q

evidence why humans need sleep

A

immune system, memory consolidation, neural development, conserve energy, remove from danger and avoid predation at night

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17
Q

sleep requirements for life stages

A

newborns = 16hrs
adults = 7hrs
old age = 7 hours
university student = 9 hours

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18
Q

brain waves during day

A 
beta = while you're reading -- normal state
alpha = while you're resting or wathcing tv
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19
Q

brain waves during sleep

A 
theta = hypnoidal state/ pre sleep
delta = regenrative sleep/ deep sleep state
20
Q

How many stages of sleep are there?

A

5 stages

21
Q

how long is the 1st stage of sleep?

A

5-10 minutes

22
Q

what happens during the 1st stage?

A

hynagogic imagery

myoclonic jerks

23
Q

what happens during stage 2 of sleep

A

up to 65% of sleep

  • spindles and k complexes
  • physiological correlates sleep (relaxed muscles)
24
Q

what happens during stage 3-4 of sleep?

A

30 minutes into cycle
fully resting
alcohol suppresses
25% of sleep in adults; 40% of sleep in children

25
Q

stage 5 is also known as…

A

REM cycles

26
Q

What happens during REM?

A

HR increases, increased temperature, arousal

25% of sleep

27
Q

how long is REM?

A

10-20 minutes? increases with subsequent cycles.

28
Q

REM dreams vs. NREM dreams

A

82% of REM is a dream; 7% for NREM

  • REM dreams are emotional, illogical, sudden plot shifts
  • NREM dreams are shorter thoughtlike, repetitive, everyday topics - resemble REMS
29
Q

what are the eyes doing during REM?

A

rapid eye movements - scanning hypothesis

30
Q

what is MEMA?

A

Middle Ear Muscle Activity during REM sleep

- perhaps assisting hearing sounds in dream.

31
Q

Bodies during REM?

A

totally paralyzed

32
Q

insomnia

A
  • trouble falling asleep (taking 30+ minutes)
  • waking too early in morning
  • waking up during middle of night and not falling back asleep
33
Q

how is insomnia treated?

A
  • ambien

- lunesta (Can cause amnesia)

34
Q

narcolepsy

A

sudden plummet into REM sleep in any situation that lasts minutes or seconds
- related to cataplexy

35
Q

cataplexy

A

sudden emotions or laughter can cause someone to be paralyzed but conscious

36
Q

causes of narcolepsy

A 
TBI 
genetic abnormalities (orexin)
37
Q

treatments of narcolepsy

A

modafinil (provigil)

- promotes wakefulness

38
Q

sleep disorder “somnambulist” also known as…

A

sleep walking

  • driving, sex, do work, committing murder
  • it’s okay to wake people up
39
Q

night terrors

A
  • different from nightmare
  • occurs during NREM
  • no recollection
  • harmless
  • almost exclusively in children.
40
Q

blind people can have dreams if….

A

blinded after age of 7

before age of 4 is lacking visual dreams

41
Q

cross cultural consistency in dreams

A

more aggresive
more negative
gender differences (women dream about females, and males dream more about males)

42
Q

Cultural differences in the dream realm

A

people in technological cultures dream less about animals

- western culture more likely to recall childhood dreams

43
Q

benefits of dreaming and why we think we do it

A
  • learning new strategies
  • simulating threats to prepare for future experiences
  • reorganizing and consolidating memories
  • integrating new experiences with established memories
44
Q

Freud’s dream protection theory

A

dreams reveal hidden desires//

our desires are guarded by dreams

45
Q

activation synthesis theory

A

dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story

  • explains why the narrative is rarely logical
  • the pons is visual and language driven
46
Q

role of forebrain in dreams

A

if damaged, loss of dreams

damage of white matter and posterior partietal

47
Q

why are children’s dreams simple?

A

children lack emotion and movement - less negative emotion/ aggression
- when adults walk about daily life, we feel numerous emotions

psych 104 (18 decks)

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