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Physio Midterm > Chapter 6 Physio > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Physio Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Physiological Signals
- 2 kinds

A
  1. Electric signals- changes in a cells membrane potential
  2. Chemical signals - molecules secreted by cells into ECF
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2
Q

Local Communications
3 types

A
  1. GAP JUNCTION
  2. CONTACT DEPENDENT SIGNALS
  3. AUTOCRINE SIGNALS
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3
Q

GAP JUNCTION IS

A

Direct communication cytoplasmic connection between cells

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4
Q

Contact dependent signals require

A

Cell to cell contacts

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5
Q

AUTOCRINE SIGNALS are

A

Self , CHEMICALS diffuse through ECF to act on nearby cells

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6
Q

Long Distance Communication
Uses…….

A

Uses chemical ( endocrine) & Electrical (nervous) signals

Example is CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
And endocrine system

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7
Q

Cytokines uses what type of signals

And involved mainly in

A

BOTH local and long distance signals

Involved in stress and inflammation

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8
Q

2 kinds of signals inside cell

A
  1. Lipophilic - hydrophobic ( fat loving)
  2. Lipophobic - Hydrophilic
    Can be found on the surface of the cell membrane
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9
Q

4 categories of membrane receptor - LIPOPHOBIC SIGNALS (hydrophilic)

A
  1. Receptor Channel
  2. G-protein coupled - GPCR
  3. Receptor Enzyme
  4. Intergrin receptor
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10
Q

1st messenger is

A

Receptor, signal outside cell

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11
Q

2nd Messanger is

A

Signal created inside the cell

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12
Q

Signal Transduction is

A

Process converting one signal to another
ONLY APPLIES TO LIPOPHOBIC SIGNALS

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13
Q

2 main purposes of Signal Transduction

A
  1. Cascade Reaction- cell to cell
  2. Amplification- one signal that creates more signals
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14
Q

2nd Messenger Pathways

A
  1. CAMP
  2. CGMP
  3. IP3
  4. DAG
  5. CA2+
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15
Q
  • Nucleotide

cAMP

Name the following :

Enzyme
Linked to
Action
Effects

A

L: GPCR

A: PKA

E: PHOSPHORYLATES PROTEINS

ENZYME : ADENYLYL CYCLASE

g protein coupled receptor = GPCR**

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16
Q
  • nucleotides

Cgmp

Name the following:

Enzyme
Linked to
Action
Effects

A

Enzyme : Guanylyl cyclase

L: Receptor Enzyme

A: PKG

E: Phosphorylates proteins

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17
Q

*Lipid Derived

IP3

Name the following :

Enzyme
Linked to
Action
Effects

A

E: Phospholipase C

L: GPCR

A: Releases CA2 (mostly found in SER )

Eff: CA2

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18
Q

*lipid derived

DAG

Name the following :

Enzyme
Linked to
Action
Effects

A

E: PLC

L: GPCR

A: activates protein kinase C

Eff: Phosphorylates Proteins

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19
Q

CA2+

Name the following :

Action
Effects

Study These Flashcards
A

Action: Binds to calmodulin, contract smooth muscles

Binds to other proteins

Eff: Alters enzyme activity
Exocytosis , muscle contraction, cytoskeleton movement, channel opening

20
Q

What are Receptor Channels-

Study These Flashcards
A

Ligands binds to receptor (1st messenger)
And opens gate allows ions to move

  • found in nerves and muscles, rapid signal
21
Q

Gases are Ephemereal Signal which are ……

22
Q

Nitric Acid

Study These Flashcards
A

cGMP
- Causes vasodilation

23
Q

Cannon’s Postulate

(Reflex pathway)

Study These Flashcards
A

Nervous
Tonic
Antagonistic
One chemical signal

24
Q

ARACHIDONIC ACID CASCADE ( AA CASCADE)

Produce…..

Study These Flashcards
A

Produce from membrane phospholipids

25
2 Enzymes of AA cascade And what do they convert to
Lipoxygenase - converts to leukotrienes Cyclooxygenase - coverts to 2 prostaglandins and Thromboxanes
26
Modulation of Signal pathways
1. Specificity- shape 2. Saturation - proteins working in max capacity 3. Competition
27
Agonists
Same Effect
28
Antagonist
Opposite effect Example: Insulin & Glucagon
29
True or false One Ligand may have multiple receptors
True
30
Down Regulation
Decreases in receptor number
31
Up-Regulation
Inserts more receptor in the membrane
32
Process of converting one signal to another
Signal Transduction
33
Sympathetic Nerves
Increase heart rate - Antagonistic
34
Parasympathetic Nerves
Decrease heart rate - Antagonistic
35
What is IP3
Inositol Triphosphate
36
What does Kinase do?
Transfers 1 phosphate from ATP to another molecule
37
GPCR does
GPCR binds to Gprotein Activates ADENYLYL CYCLASE Converts ATP to cAMP Activates PKA
38
cGMP stands for what
Cyclic GMP
39
Which category doesn’t have Gproteins?
Receptor enzyme
40
What enzyme activates your cAMP
AC
41
What receptors PLC is linked to?
IP3 AND DAG
42
Which receptor has a product of PKG
CGMP
43
AC stands for what?
Adenylyl Cyclase
44
What do you mean by Ephemeral
Short lived
45
What does Ephemeral cause?
Vasodilation
46
Receptor Enzyme does not have what?
Does NOT have Gprotein
47
Calcium needs to activate
Exocytosis

Physio Midterm (6 decks)

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