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Physio Midterm > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Hypothalamus

A

Part of the brain that tells you are hungry

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2
Q

The Feeding Center tells you

A

You are Hungry

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3
Q

Satiety Center

A

Full

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4
Q

Glucostatic Theory

A

Based on concentration of blood

  • If blood sugar is low you are hungry
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5
Q

Lipostatic Theory

A

What they think makes you feel full

  • Levels of fatty acids in your blood gets elevated, it makes you feel full
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6
Q

What factors influence your BMR

A

Age and sex - non modifiable
Activity level - modifiable
Hormones- slightly modifiable
Genetics - Non modifiable
Thermogenesis
Lean muscle

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7
Q

Is Fat (lipid) a compact storage?

A

Yes

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8
Q

True or False

Only energy intake and level of physical activity can be voluntarily changed?

A

True

  • What can be changed within a day
  • Your body can only store or use the energy
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9
Q

What pathways combined are called metabolism?

A

Anabolic and Catabolic

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10
Q

What do Catabolic pathways do?

A

Break large molecules into smaller ones

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11
Q

Body is either in a fed state or a fasting state, there is no in between?

True or false

A

True

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12
Q

Fed state or Absorptive state

A

First 4 hrs of last bite

(Dominant pathway during this time)

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13
Q

Anabolic and Catabolic pathways combined =

A

Metabolism

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14
Q

Ingested energy may be

A

USED or STORED

Used- work
Stored- Fat, glycogen

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15
Q

Ingested biomolecules have three fates, what are they?

A
  1. Energy to do mechanical work
  2. Synthesis for grown maintenance
  3. Storage as glycogen or fat
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16
Q

In plasma are nutrient pools available for immediate use?

A

Yes

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17
Q

3 types of Nutrient Pools

A

Free Fatty Acid Pool

Glucose Pool

Amino Acid Pool

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18
Q

Goals for fasting?

A

Maintain blood sugar and make atp

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19
Q

Low sugar =

A

Hypoglycemia

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20
Q

Red Blood Cells don’t have a ______________ do they depend on glucose for energy to stay alive

A

Mitochondrion

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21
Q

2 Fuels in the body

A

Glucose and ketones

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22
Q

Anabolic Pathways

A

Synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones

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23
Q

Glucose are reserved for

A

Your RBCS

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24
Q

Lipolysis

A

Breakdown of fat

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25
Ketones come from
Your liver
26
Red blood cells are depended on what to stay alive
Glucose
27
Total Body energy=
Energy stored + energy intake - energy output
28
Energy Output =
Energy used for work + energy used for body heat
29
3 types of energy work
Transport work Mechanical Chemical Work
30
In the hospital we use indirect calorimetry
Based on your ratio of CO2 to O2
31
Most of energy work is
Done unconsciously
32
Energy is stored in
Fat & Glycogen
33
Which part of your body uses both endocrine and exocrine
Pancreas
34
Islet of langerhans found in
Found in your endocrine cells
35
Pancreatic Acini is found in
Exocrine glands
36
Goal of Fasted state
Maintain Blood Sugar and produce ATP
37
Maintain Blood Sugar
Glycogen becomes glucose Glyoneolysis - maintains BS for 18 hrs
38
2 cells in the islet of langerhans
Alpha Cells ( Secrete glucagon ) Beta Cells ( Secrete your insulin)
39
Gluconeogenisis
Creating new sugars from your amino acid pool
40
Deamination of amino acids
Removal of your amino group
41
Biochemical Pathways for energy production
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs) Electron Transport System ( ETS)
42
Glycolysis
Location : Substrate : Product :
43
When you feel full
Satiety
44
Lipostatic theory
When your fatty acids elevate you feel full
45
BUN stands for
Blood Urea Nitrogen
46
What your body produces : Empty stomach
Ghrenlin
47
Based on emotions what do you secrete
NPY
48
These two produce in your small intestine and involve high fat and high fat meals
CCK AND GLP1
49
Adipose tissues in endocrine glands
Leptin
50
Total body energy formula
Energy storage - energy output
51
Measures your metabolic rate
Kcal Calorimetry
52
Sex and age effect what?
BMR
53
High protein diet
Effects your Thermogenesis
54
Two storages in your body
Glycogen and fat
55
What is the max for glycogen
2.2lb or 1kg
56
Which part of your body and which muscle can only produce glycogen
Liver and skeletal muscles
57
2nd preferred storage
Fat
58
Breakdown - fed or fasting
Catabolic Fasting state
59
Which pathway is dominant in fasting state?
Catabolic
60
In fed state which pathway is dominant
Anabolic
61
Anabolic is
Synthesizing
62
Coexpressed in hypothalamus
NPY
63
CCK is found in your
Small intestines
64
Ghrelin is found in your
Stomach
65
FED STATE : Carbohydrates pool
Glucose Glucose pool Glycogenisis Lipogenisis
66
Amino Acid Pool
Protein synthasis Gluconeogenisis Back to glycogenisis Lipogenisis
67
Fat Pool
Lipogenisis
68
Fed state
Anabolism is dominant
69
Fasting State: Nutrient Pool Steps
Glycogen Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis Lipolysis Ketones
70
What is glycgenolysis
Break down of glycogen
71
Breakdown of fat
Lipolysis
72
Glycogenlysis will maintain blood sugar for how long?
18 hrs
73
Removal of amino group
Deamination
74
Breakdown of fatty acid to produce acetyl coa
Beta oxidation
75
Two hormones that govern your metabolism
Insulin and glucagon
76
Two fuels in the body
Ketones and glucose
77
Insulin is in your ________ state
FED
78
Glucagon is in your __________ State
Fasting
79
Pancreas uses both
Endocrine and exocrine
80
Glucagon is secreted by what cell
Alpha cells
81
Two goals of fasting state
Maintain your blood sugar and make atp
82
Glycogen
Liver and Skeletal muscles can only produce glycogen
83
Glycogen is faster or slower to make
Faster
84
Catabolic pathway
Fasting state/ post absorptive state ( after 1st 4 hrs of LAST bite )
85
Anabolic Pathway
Fed state/ Absorptive state ( happens 1st 4 hrs of last bite)
86
Glucose pool is
Highly regulated, blood sugar . Due to RBCs
87
Hyperglycemia =
High Blood sugar
88
Glycogenesis
Formation of glycogen
89
Lipogenesis
Formation of fat
90
Gluconeogenesis
Formation of new sugars from Non-carbohydrates ( like proteins)
91
Beta Oxidation
Breakdown of fatty acids to produce Acetyl COa
92
Acectyl COa
1of our ketones ( acetone)

Physio Midterm (6 decks)

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