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Physio Midterm > Chapter 1, 2, & 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1, 2, & 3 Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

What is the study functions of living organisms called

A

Physiology

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2
Q

What are the levels of organization

A

Molecule, tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms

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3
Q

What is the basic unit of life

A

Cell

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4
Q

How many organ systems in the body

A

11

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5
Q

Which organ system supports and protects

A

Skeletal system

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6
Q

Which organ system is support and movement

A

Muscle system

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7
Q

Which system is used for gas exchange

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

What system defends agains infection

A

Immunity

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9
Q

Primary function of urinary system

A

Excrete

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10
Q

What system does not exchange material with the internal and external environment ?

A

Circulatory system

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11
Q

2 approaches to physiology, what are they?

A

Teleological and mechanistic

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12
Q

Teleological is the _______

A

Why

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13
Q

Mechanistic is the _________

A

How

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14
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Dynamic steady state

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15
Q

Study of diseases

A

Pathophysiology

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16
Q

ECF stands for

Consists of

A

Extra cellular fluid
Plasma and interstitial fluid

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17
Q

Which loops goal is to reach homeostasis

A

Negative

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18
Q

Which loops function is anticipation

A

Feed forward

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19
Q

Which type of feed back is used in childbirth

A

Positive feed back

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20
Q

True or false

The human body is best described as always being in a state of equilibrium and such that all body compartments are identical

A

False

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21
Q

What are the 11 organ systems

A

Murders Linc

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22
Q

In order to maintain balance

A

Law of mass balance

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23
Q

What are emergent properties ?

A

Can not be seen

such as IQ (intelligence)

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24
Q

Which two systems coordinate with each other

A

Nervous and endocrine

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25
Term used to describe the minimum stimuli’s to trigger a response in a feedback loop
Threshold
26
What is the main function of integrating center in the control system
Set point
27
ECF serves as what between the outside world and ICF
A buffer
28
What is the Law of mass balance
Input equals output
29
What is the simple control system? (4 steps)
Input signal Integrating center Output signal Response
30
What is plasma
The fluid portion of blood
31
Oxytocin is the hormone released in response to cervical dilation this causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. Which type of feedback does oxytocin trigger
Positive feedback
32
What are the 4 major groups of biomolecules ?
Carbs Lipids Proteins Nucleotides
33
What molecules are produced but living organisms
Biomolecules
34
Two basic functions of biomolecules
Energy and building blocks
35
What are the two types of molecules
Organic and inorganic
36
Organic molecules contain
Carbon
37
Do inorganic molecules contain carbon?
No
38
Biomolecules contain what 3 molecules
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
39
What are the 3 types of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides
40
Monosaccharides are H & P, what are those
H = Hexoses ( 6 carbon sugars ) P= Pentoses (5 carbon sugars) - DNA & RNA
41
What are the 4 structure of proteins “R group”
Primary- sequence of AA Secondary - helix and beta Tertiary - 3d shape Quaternary - multiple subunits
42
Why is amino acid essential
It’s essential because it comes from your diet
43
Non essential amino acids are produced by
The body
44
nucleotides are a
Nitrogenous Base, phosphate and sugar
45
Purines consist of
Adenine and guanine
46
Pyrimidines are
Cytosine Uracil Thymine
47
What are the 4 categories of Lipids ?
Fatty acids Phospholipids Triglycerides Steroids
48
What are the different types of polysaccharides
Starch and glycogen
49
3 types of Fatty acids
Saturated - solid ( 2 hydrogen attached) Mono saturated 1 bond Poly saturated - more than 2
50
Each amino acid differs from others, what makes it unique
The R group
51
What is an isotope?
Gains or loses a neutron Same element with different atomic mass -atomic molecule
52
What is an atom
Smallest particle of any element - they link by sharing electrons to form molecules
53
What is a valence shell?
The outermost shell, can hold 8e-
54
What is a molecule?
2 or more atoms that link by sharing electrons
55
What is a covalent bond?
An atom that shares electrons, the strongest bond
56
What are non-polar molecules
They are an even distribution of electrons Ex: oil, lipids, composed of carbon and hydrogen
57
What are polar molecules?
Uneven distribution of electrons H20 is extremely polar
58
What are IONS?
Gain or lose an electron
59
What is an electron ?
A negative charged particle in an atom
60
What are hydrogen bonds
Bonds form between a hydrogen bond and a nearby oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine atom Weak
61
What is an ionic bond?
Bonds between two atoms
62
Why are covalent bonds strong
Formed by sharing of electrons
63
Van Der Waals are strong or weak
Weak, they are the weakest bond - no hyrdrogen
64
What is the universal solvent
H20
65
How do you counteract your free radicals?
Anti oxidants
66
What type of bond is dna?
Covalent bond
67
Cations are what charge
Positive
68
Anions are what charge
Negative
69
What is a solute
A substance that has the ability to dissolve in a liquid
70
What is solubility?
Ability of solute to dissolve in a solvent
71
What is a solution
Solute plus the solvent, the mix
72
What is a solvent
The liquid into which the solutes dissolve
73
What are ligands
Chemicals that attach to proteins
74
What does structure determine
The function
75
What are the functions of the cell membrane?
Isolation Exchange Communication Support
76
What is lumen
Interior of hollow organ
77
What are the three membrane proteins
Integral Peripheral Transmembrane
78
What is Chromatin
Packed DNA
79
How many pairs of chromosomes do we have
23 pairs
80
What is the powerhouse of the cell
The mitochondria , produces the energy
81
What are the 3 muscle tissues
Cardiac Skeletal Smooth
82
Types of connective tissue
Loose and dense
83
2 types of neural tissue
Neurons Glial cells
84
What is denaturation?
Desaturation is when the protein is destroyed
85
What are the three body cavities
Cranial Thoracic Abdomniopelvic
86
What are your hollow organs
Heart Lungs Blood vessels Intestines

Physio Midterm (6 decks)

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