Chapter 6 (Pt. 1)

Question 1

What are the functions of a operating system?

(3 Answers)

Answer 1

• Communicates with users
• Determines what they want
• Activates other systems programs, applications packages, or user programs to carry out their request

Question 2

User Interface

Answer 2

Provides user with an intuitive visual overview

Question 3

What role do language services (assembler, compilers, and interpreters) provide?

Answer 3

Allow you to write programs in a high level

Question 4

Memory Manager

Answer 4

Allocate memory space for programs and data

Question 5

Information Managers

Answer 5

Handle the organization, storage, and retrieval of information on mass storage devices.

Question 6

What are the types of system softwares?

(3 Answers)

Answer 6

• I/O Systems
• Scheduler
• Utilities

Question 7

I/O Systems

Answer 7

Allow you to easily and efficiently use the input and output devices that exist on a computer system

Question 8

Scheduler

Answer 8

Keeps a list of programs ready to run on the processor and selects the one that will execute next

Question 9

Utilities

Answer 9

Library routines that provide useful services either to a user or to other system routines

Question 10

What are some of the problems with machine language?

(4 Answers)

Answer 10

• Uses binary
• Is difficult to read
• Is difficult to change
• Is difficult to create data

Question 11

Assembly Language

(5 Main Answers; 2 Subanswers)

Answer 11

• Low level programming language
• Each symbolic assembly language instruction is translated into exactly one binary machine language instruction
• Better than machine language
• Machine specific (tied to OAM architecture)
• Design decisions:
  
  • Op codes
  • Include/exclude specific functions

Question 12

Source Program

Answer 12

Program written in assembly language

Question 13

Object Program

Answer 13

Source program must be translated into a corresponding machine language program.

Question 14

Assembler

Answer 14

System software that carries out translation

Question 15

What are the advantages of assembly language?

Answer 15

Allows use of symbolic addresses

Question 16

Give examples of assembly language code (OAMPL)

Answer 16

Question 17

What is the role of an assembler?

(2 Main Answers: 4 Subanswers)

Answer 17

Translates a symbolic assembly language program into machine language

Tasks performed:

• Convert symbolic op codes to binary
• Convert symbolic addresses to binary
• Perform the assembler services requested by the pseudo ops
• Put the translated instructions into a file for future use

Question 18

Op Code Table

Answer 18

Sorted list of legal assembly language op codes and their binary equivalents

Question 19

How is a symbol defined in assembly language?

Answer 19

A symbol is defined when it appears in the label field of an instruction or data pesudo-op

Question 20

Pass

Answer 20

Process of examining and processing every assembly language instruction in the program, one instruction at a time.

Question 21

What occurs during the first pass over source code?

Answer 21

Assembler looks at every instruction

Question 22

Binding

(2 Main: 2 Sub)

Answer 22

Process of associating a symbolic name with a physical memory address

OAM:

• Symbolic name (label)
• Memory address (line number)

Question 23

What is the primary purpose of the first pass of an assembler?

(2 Answers)

Answer 23

• To bind all symbolic names to address values
• To enter those bindings into symbol table

Question 24

Location Counter

Answer 24

Variable used to determine the address of a given instruction

Question 25

Second Pass

Answer 25

Assembler translates source program into machine language

Question 26

What occurs after completion of pass 1 and pass 2?

Answer 26

Object file contains the translated machine language object program

Question 27

What were Grace Hoppers achievements (new one)? ## Footnote *(5 Answers)*

Answer 27

* Debunked the common belief that computers could only do arithmetic * Created first operational compiler in 1952 * Believed that programs should be writtern in a language that was close to english rather than in machine code or assembly language * Popularized the idea of machine-independent programming languages * Created COBOL

Question 28

High-Level Programming Languages ## Footnote *(4 Answers)*

Answer 28

* More abstract than assembly language * User oriented * Not machine specific (portable) * Use both natural language and mathematical notation in their design

Question 29

What happens to high-level language programming files?

Answer 29

These programs are translated into the appropriate machine instructions.

Question 30

Give examples of high-level programming language

Answer 30

* Python * OAMPL

Question 31

Show the increasing level of complexity between the languages

Answer 31

Question 32

What does a operating essentially provide?

Answer 32

An operating system provides the basic functionality, look, and feel, for a computer.

Question 33

What is the primary purpose of an operating system?

Answer 33

Primary purpose is to create a workable operating environment for the user

Question 34

List the basic tasks of a operating system ## Footnote *(6 Answers)*

Answer 34

* Processor management * Memory management * Device management * Storage management * Application Interface * User Interface