Chapter 6: Serotonin (5-HT)

Question 1

Serotonin is a […] NT.

Answer 1

monoamine

Question 2

Most common role of 5-HT is […]., relaxation, […].

Answer 2

mood stabilization; well-being

Question 3

Some roles that oppose 5-HT common role (4):

Answer 3

1. aggression
2. stress
3. social rank
4. feeding

Question 4

5-HT is synthesized from…

Answer 4

tryptophan

Question 5

What are the 2 steps of synthesis?

Answer 5

1. tryptophan hydroxylase: tryptophan to 5-HTP (RLS)
2. aromatic amino acid decarboxylase: 5-HTP to 5-HT

**Rate Limiting Step

Question 6

Which meal increases tryptophan and 5-HT?

Answer 6

low-protein, high carbohydrate meals

passes BBB

Question 7

5-HT stored into vesicles via […].

Answer 7

VMAT

Question 8

What can VMAT be blocked by (drug)?

Answer 8

reserpine

Question 9

5-HT is released via […].

Answer 9

exocytosis

Question 10

What are drugs that affect 5-HT release?

Answer 10

amphetamines and MDMA (ecstasy)

Question 11

The amphetamines bind to […]. and increase EC levels of all […].

Answer 11

monoamine transporters; monoamines

Question 12

SERT:

Answer 12

serotonin transporter

Question 13

After release 5-HT is […] removed from the […] by SERT.

Answer 13

rapidly; synaptic cleft

Question 14

What is an example of a SSRI?

Answer 14

prozac

Question 15

Serotonin is catalyzed by…

Answer 15

MAO-A (monoamine oxidase)

Question 16

MAO-O can be found in neurons and […].

Answer 16

astrocytes

Question 17

The catalysis of serotonin yields…

Answer 17

5-HIAA

Question 18

5-HIAA levels are important for clinical diagnosis why?

Answer 18

tells doctors about overall activity of CNS serotonergic neurons

Question 19

Serotonin neurons originate in the […].

Answer 19

ralphe nuclei

Question 20

Serotonergic fibers are particularly dense at the […] and the deep layer of the […].

Answer 20

cortical surface; hippocampus

Question 21

The dorsal raphe nucleus provides the majority of […] to the region of the […] system. Which is essential for the regulation of complex […] responses to […]

Answer 21

serotonergic input; limbic; emotional; stress

Question 22

Firing patterns of DRN neurons: During REM vs being awake.

Answer 22

REM there is almost no wave lengths; the amount increase as individuals are out of sleep

Question 23

How many 5-HT receptors?

Answer 23

14

Question 24

Most 5-HT receptors are […].

Answer 24

metabotropic

Question 25

5-HT1A are found in large concentrations in the [...] and [...].

Answer 25

hippocampus; amygdala

Question 26

5-HT1A [...] cAMP synthesis by [...] adenylyl cyclase.

Answer 26

inhibit; inhibiting

Question 27

5-HT1A stimulates [...] channels and produces [...].

Answer 27

K+; hyperpolarization

Question 28

5-HT2A are found in large concentrations in the [...].

Answer 28

cortex

Question 29

5-HT2A stimulates the [...].

Answer 29

phosphoinositide second messenger system

Question 30

5-HT2A increases [...] levels in the postsynaptic cells and also activate [...].

Answer 30

Ca2+; protein kinase C (PKC)

Question 31

5-HT3 receptors located on [...].

Answer 31

vagus nerve

Question 32

5-HT1A agonists:

Answer 32

buspirone

Question 33

5-HT1A receptor antagonists:

Answer 33

WAY 100635

Question 34

5-HT2A agonists:

Answer 34

DIO

Question 35

5-HT2A antagonists:

Answer 35

clozapine & risperidone

Question 36

Tph2 gene KO mice:

Answer 36

completely eliminates 5-HT from the brain which largely increases aggression

Question 37

Serotonin deficiency hypothesis of aggression:

Answer 37

low 5-HT signaling in brain areas involving aggression produces hyper-aggressiveness

Question 38

Impulsivity and Tph2-KO mice:

Answer 38

more impulsive, compulsive, less anxious

Question 39

Social deficits and Tph-KO mice:

Answer 39

poor social communication and behaviors (deficient maternal behavior)

Question 40

Which receptor subtypes play roles in appetite and food intake?

Answer 40

5-HT2C agonists 5-HT1B agonists 5-HT6 antagonists

Question 41

SSRIs are the most common treatment for several [...].

Answer 41

anxiety disorders

Question 42

Which receptor subtypes regulate anxiety-like behaviors?

Answer 42

5-HT2A 5-HT2C 5-HT1A

Question 43

Which specific projections also promote anxiety?

Answer 43

neurons that are sent to the amygdala

Question 44

Low 5-HT is correlated with [...], but it's not the [...].

Answer 44

depression; cause

Question 45

Boosting 5-HT levels is good for [...] and [...] and [...].

Answer 45

mental health; learning; memory

Question 46

The hippocampus has a high density of [...] receptors. Activation of these helps in [...] in spatial learning and can [...] for threats in the environment.

Answer 46

5-HT1A; improving memory formation; impair memory function

Question 47

Cognition is improved when animals are treated with a [...] receptor [...].

Answer 47

5-HT6; antagonist