Chapter 6 - Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 5 primary functions of the skeletal system?
A
Support Storage of minerals and lipids Blood cell production Protection Leverage
2
Q
Process
A
Projection or bump
3
Q
Ramus
A
Extension of bone forming an angle
4
Q
Foramen
A
Rounded passageway or hole for blood vessels and nerves
5
Q
Sinus
A
Chamber within a bone
6
Q
Fissure
A
Deep furrow, cleft or slit
7
Q
Meatus
A
Passage or channel
8
Q
Canal
A
Duct or channel
9
Q
Sulcus
A
Narrow groove
10
Q
Fossa
A
Shallow depression
11
Q
Trochanter
A
Large rough projection
12
Q
Crest
A
Prominent ridge
13
Q
Spine
A
Pointed process
14
Q
Line
A
Low ridge
15
Q
Tubercle
A
Small rounded projection
16
Q
Tuberosity
A
Rough projection
17
Q
Head
A
Expanded articular end of epiphysis
18
Q
Neck
A
Connection between epiphysis and diaphysis
19
Q
Facet
A
Small, flat articular surface
20
Q
Condyle
A
Smooth rounded articular process
21
Q
Trochlea
A
Smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley
22
Q
Diaphysis
A
The shaft
23
Q
Epiphysis
A
The articulating ends
24
Q
Metaphysis
A
Meeting place of diaphysis and epiphysis
25
Compact Bone (Cortex)
Strong dense bones
26
Spongy Bone (Cancellous)
Soft bone that decreases weight
27
What are Osteocytes?
Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix and live in the lacunae (layers).
28
How do osteocytes connect and receive nutrients?
Through the canaliculi
29
What are Osteoblasts?
Immature bone cells that produce osteoids that forms the matrix (osteogenesis).
30
What produces osteoblasts?
Mesenchymal stem cells
31
What produces osteoblasts?
Mesenchymal stem cells
32
What is the function of osteoclasts?
They dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals (osteolysis)
33
What is the basic unit of Compact bone?
Osteons
34
What is the structure of Compact bone?
They live within Circumferential Lamellae
35
What is the structure of Spongy bones?
Contain no osteons and is an open network of trabeculae.
36
What covers the outer layer of compact bones?
Periosteum
37
What is the function of Periosteum?
It isolates bones from surrounding tissues.
Provides a route for circulation and nerves.
Participates in bone growth and repair.
38
What is Endosteum?
A membrane that covers compact bone, lines medullary cavity, central canals and covers trabeculae. Contains osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteoprogenitor cells.
39
What is Ossification?
The process of replacing tissue with bone.
40
What is Osteogenesis?
Bone formation
41
What is the process of depositing calcium called?
Calcification
42
What are the two forms of Ossification?
Endochondral
| Intramembranous
43
What is Endochondral Ossification?
Ossification of hyaline cartilage.
44
What is Intramembranous Ossification?
Bone formation during fetal development. Produces dermal bones such as mandible and clavicle.
45
What is Intramembranous Ossification?
Bone formation during fetal development. Produces dermal bones such as mandible and clavicle.
46
Arthritis
Inflammation of the joint
47
Osteoarthritis
Degeneration of cartilage without inflammation
48
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Autoimmune disease affecting synovial joint
49
Traumatic Arthritis
Outside trauma causing fracture
50
Kyphosis
Abnormal curvature of thoracic vertebra
51
Lordosis
Abnormal curvature of lumbar vertebra
52
Scoliosis
Abnormal curvature laterally and medially
53
Closed Fracture
Fracture stays within the skin
54
Open Fracture (compound)
Bone breaks through skin
55
Intra Articular Fracture
Fracture of the joint
56
Transverse Fracture
Transverse break across bone
57
Spiral Fracture
Fracture cause by twisting of the bone
58
Comminuted Fracture
Multiple loose bones and fracture site
59
Avulsion Fracture
Ligaments pull pieces of bone away
60
Impact Fracture
Bones compressed against each other
61
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone mass caused by imbalance of osteoblast/osteoclast activity.
62
Synarthrosis
Immovable joint (sutures of the skull)
63
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable joint (vertebrae)
64
Diarthrosis
Freely movable joint
65
Fibrous Joint
Articulating bones joined by fibrous connective tissue (fetal skull)
66
Synovial Joint
Joint capsule containing synovial membrane and fluid
