Chapter 6: Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders - Lecture Flashcards
What are dissociative disorders?
what brings them about?
- syndromes that feature major loses or changes in:
- Memory
- consciousness
- identity but do not have any physical causes
- brought about via exposure to a powerful stressor
Identity is?
memory?
sense of who we are, the characteristics, needs and preferences we have
changes in memory for old and new info without any clear physical issue…
What are the four main dissociative disorders?
- Dissociative amnesia
- Dissociative fugue
- Depersonalization/Derealization disorder
- Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative symptoms are also found in cases of what two disorders?
- ASD and PTSD
Dissociative Amnesia?
(3)
source?
- unable to recall important info about their lives
- source = upsetting stressor
- loss of memory is much more than normal forgetting and is not caused by organic factors
Dissociative Amnesia can be: Localized? Selective? Generalized? Continuous ?
- most common type, loss of all memory of events occurring within a limited period of time
- loss of memory for some but not all events occurring within a period of time
- loss of memory, beginning with an event but extending back in time, may lose sense of identity, may fail to recall family and friends
- forgetting both old and new info and events…very rare
Amnesia interferes primarily with _____ memory aka:?
Semantic memory? Does it remain intact?
- episodic: autobiographical memory of personal memory (common in all disorders of DA)
- for abstract or encyclopedic info
L> usually remain intact
Dissociative Fuge?(3)
- moderate
- severe
- identity?
- not only do they forget their personal identity and details of their past they also flee to an entirely different location
- fugue can be brief, travel short bur do not take a new identity (in some cases)
-severe?: travel long distances, take on a new identity, build new relationships and display new characteristics from their personality
(new ones tend to be adaptive)
About __% of the population experience Dissociative fugue. It follows a ?
- 0.2
- a severely stressful event, personal stress may also trigger it
- tend to end suddenly
- tend to regain most if not all memories and never have a recurrence
Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder?(5)
- mind body perception changes: detachment , to step out of one's body and observe self L> feeling of unreality - one or more can be present - recurrent -highest in adolescence
Dissociative Identity Disorder?
- 2 or more distinct personalities (sub personalities)
- each with a unique set of memories behaviours and thoughts and emotion.
What is personality??
- eduring pattern of perceiving , related to and thinking about the environment and one’s self that exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contests
What is the Host in DID?
- personality that appears more often than the other alters
What is the term switching referring to in DID?
- transition from one sub personality to the next..usually sudden and dramatic
What is the onset of DID?
late adolescence or early adult
Symptoms usually begin in ___ after episodes of abuse. Typical onset is before the age of __. The gender ration is? (DID)
- childhood, 5, 3: 1…W vs M
Mutually amnesic relationship? (DID)
- sub personalities have NO awareness of each other
Mutually cognizant pattern? (DID)
- each sub personality is well aware of the rest
One-way amnesic relationship? (DID)
- some are aware of others but awareness is not mutual! (most common)
L> those who are aware are quiet observers
Average number of sub personalities in DID for men and women?
- women: 15
- men: 8
How do sub personalities differ??
- Vital statistics?
- Abilities and preferences?
- Physiological responses?
- age, sex, race, family history
- encyclopedic knowledge is unaffected by dissociative amnesia or fugue but in DID its disturbed
L> different areas in experience…ex: driving a car, speaking languages.. playing instruments etc - differing in ANS, BP and allergies!
DID are traditionally ___ diagnoses. Many or all diagnoses are _____, unintentionally produced via practitioners..surfacing only after treatment. (not all) Diagnoses of DID have been increasing recently, thousands in US and Canada alone. What two factors are due to this?
- rare
- iatrogenic
- more willing to make such diagnosis
- diagnostic procedures have become more accurate.
What are common features a client will have that is suggesting DID? (8)
- amnesia
- trancing off
- behavioural episodes
- mood complexities
- head aches
- self harm
- written cues
- unusual self reference
Diagnoses related to DID?? (7)
- depression
- sexual dysfunction
- personality disorder
- schizophrenia
- substance abuse
- bulimia/anorexia
- panic disorder
