Chapter 7: Mood Disorders - Lecture

Question 1

Depression?

Answer 1

low sad state in which life seems dark and overwhelming

Question 2

Mania?

Answer 2

• state of breathless euphoria and frenzied energy

Question 3

Most people with a mood disorder only experience ____ which means they have a ___ disorder.

Answer 3

depression

unipolar

Question 4

Unipolar?

Answer 4

• person has no history of mania, mood returns to normal when depression lifts.
  L> some people will exp alts with mania ( Bipolar)

Question 5

Economic cost of MD every year in NA?

Answer 5

~40 billion

Question 6

Unipolar Depression?

Answer 6

• depression is described as general sadness or unhappiness

- severe long lasting psychological pain that may intensify over time.

Question 7

How common is Unipolar Depression?
-% of the adult population will exp severe unipolar depression.
-% exp mild depression
~_% of the world pop exp unipolar depression in their lifetime
Gender diff? women are __ vs men to exp severe depression

Answer 7

5-1-%
3-5%
17%
x2

Question 8

What is the life time prevalence of Unipolar depression? __% women __% men. Stable across cultures and socioeconomic groups

Answer 8

26% 12%

Question 9

About __% with unipolar depression recover in __ weeks some without treatment BUT most will exp another episode. (recurrent)

Answer 9

50%

6 weeks

Question 10

What are the five areas of symptoms in Unipolar depression?

Answer 10

Emotional 
motivational 
behavioural 
cognitive
physical

Question 11

Emotional Symptoms? (UniD)

Answer 11

• miserable, empty, humiliated …don’t want to be around

Question 12

Motivational Symptoms (UniD)

Answer 12

• lack drive, initiative, spontaneity

- 6 to 15% with severe depression commit suicide

Question 13

Behavioural Symptoms (UniD)

Answer 13

-less active less productive , disturbed sleep

Question 14

Cognitive Symptoms (UniD)

Answer 14

• hold negative opinion of themselves

- blame themselves for unfortunate events

Question 15

Physical Symptoms (UniD)

Answer 15

• headaches, dizzy spells, general pain

Question 16

Diagnosing UniD ….There are two criteria
Criteria 1: 
-how many symptoms and duration
-extreme symptoms (2)
Criteria 2: 
????????????????? ^_^ JK

Answer 16

• 5 or more lasting 2+ weeks
• hallucinations and delusions (psychotic)
• > no history of mania

Question 17

There are two diagnoses to consider with UniD what are they?

Answer 17

Major Depressive Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder

Question 18

Major depressive Disorder??

Answer 18

• Criteria 1 and 2 are met

Question 19

Dysthymic Disorder??

Answer 19

• mild but chronic
• long lasting but less disabling depression
• ~ 2 years of symptoms
• this can lead to MDD which is called double depression

Question 20

Stress and UniD????

- Exogenous and Endogenous??

Answer 20

• may trigger UniD

- MDD: experience many highly stressful events a month prior to symptoms expression

Question 21

Psychodynamic Model of UniD ?WTF

Answer 21

• loss and grief

- anger/ambivalent feelings, conflict turned inwards, not strongly supported

Question 22

Behavioural Model of UniD okay..

Answer 22

• modestly supported by research

Question 23

Cognitive Model: Learned Helplessness ( Loss of control and responsible for their state) UniD

Answer 23

• negative thinking
• NATs errors in thinking and defeatist attitudes
• has considerable support

Question 24

Bipolar Disorder?

Answer 24

• experience both the lows of depression and the highs of mania

Question 25

Symptoms of Mania?? | five areas are?

Answer 25

- dramatic and inappropriate rises in mood | - emotional, motivational, behavioural, cognitive and physical

Question 26

Emotional Symptoms of BiD

Answer 26

- active, powerful emotions in search of an outlet

Question 27

Motivational Symptoms of BiD

Answer 27

- need constant excitement, involvement and companionship

Question 28

Behavioural Symptoms of BiD

Answer 28

- very active, move quickly, talk loud or rapidly, pressured (Flamboyance)

Question 29

Cognitive Symptoms of BiD

Answer 29

- poor judgement or planning | - prone to poor planning/none- increases in risky behaviour

Question 30

Physical Symptoms of BiD

Answer 30

- high energy level- often in the presence of little to no rest

Question 31

``` Diagnosing of Bipolar?? Two criteria? Criteria 1: -symptom amount and duration -extreme cases? Criteria 2: history of? ```

Answer 31

- 3 or more, lasting a week plus L> psychotic symptoms - history of mania and if exp depression or mania atm

Question 32

Two kinds of Bipolar what are they?

Answer 32

Bipolar I Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder

Question 33

Bipolar I Disorder?

Answer 33

- full manic and major depressive episodes - most sufferers exp an alt in episodes - cycling - some exp mixed ones * *most common

Question 34

Bipolar II Disorder?

Answer 34

- hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes

Question 35

Approximately _-_% of adults in the world suffer from a BiD @ any given point Gender diff? Is prevalence the same across socio-economic and ethnic groups?

Answer 35

1-1.5% - no gender diff - yes

Question 36

What is the onset of BiD?

Answer 36

- 15-44 years (between) ….eventually subside only to recover at a later time

Question 37

Cyclothymic Disorder??? (last diagnostic option for BiD) - symptoms - duration of symptoms - periods of? - development? - stats

Answer 37

- numerous episodes of hypomania and mild depressive symptoms - ~ 2 years + - interrupted by periods of normal mood - Can (many do) develop into BDI or BDII - .4% of the pop have this

Question 38

Lithium Therapy?? - affects ? - called a ? - therapeutic window? GO - stats for improvement - episode rates on drug? - could be a prophylactic drug?? HUH

Answer 38

- affective in treating BD and mania - mood stabilizer - small therapeutic window L> too low= no effect L> too high= lithium intoxication - 60% have improvement - lower rates of episodes while on drug - prophylactic: may prevent symptom onset!