Chapter 6 - States of Consciousness

Question 1

______ is our moment to moment awareness of ourselves and our environment, its subjective and private, dynamic, self-reflective and central to our sense of self

Answer 1

consciousness

Question 2

sigmund freud proposed that we have three levels of of awareness, name and explain them

Answer 2

Conscious- thoughts, perceptions

Preconscious- not currently available but could be (memories)

Subconscious- Inaccessible, unacceptable urges and desires that may leak out

Question 3

_______ psychologists reject notion of an unconscious mind driven by instinctive urges and repressed conflicts

Answer 3

cognitive

Question 4

cognitive psychologists view the conscious and unconscious mental life as __________ forms of _________ processing

Answer 4

complimentary forms of information processing

Question 5

How do psychologist measure states of consciousness

Answer 5

self reports and behavioral measures

Question 6

what are self reports

Answer 6

eople are able to describe their inner experiences and is the most direct insight into a persons subjective experiences

Question 7

what are behavioral measures

Answer 7

behavioral measures are objective but still infer the person’s state of mind

Question 8

compare controlled vs automatic processing

Answer 8

controlled - the voluntary use of attention and conscious effort (studying, planning etc.)

automatic - performed with little or no conscious effort (driving, etc)

Question 9

eastyn is driving her car, she looks down at her phone and multitasks between texting mireille and driving
what types of attention is this?

Answer 9

divided attention

• ability to perform more than one activity at the same time

Question 10

when is divided attention more difficult

Answer 10

when the two tasks being performed require similar mental resources

(eg. both motor tasks)

Question 11

can you rub your belly and pat your head?

this is difficult for some, why?

Answer 11

because you’re using divided attention and they are both motor tasks, making it difficult

Question 12

Can non-conscious processes influence emotional responses

Answer 12

yes

For example: being in a good or bad mood but not sure why you feel that way.

Question 13

The inability to visually recognize objects is known as visual ________

Answer 13

agnosia

Question 14

eastyn can see an object but is unable to recognize or interpret the visual information due to a disorder in her parietal lobe

what condition does she likely suffer from

Answer 14

visual agnosia

Question 15

______ is the ability to respond to visual information (by guessing but they are usually 80-100% right most of the time) without consciously seeing it.

Answer 15

blindsight

Question 16

our subjective experience of “unitary” consciousness arises from the _________ output of various modules in the brain

Answer 16

integrated

Question 17

the ______ _______ is a daily biological clock or cycle that every 24 hours our body temperature, certain hormonal secretions and other bodily functions undergo a rhythmic change that affects our mental alertness and readies our body for sleep and when to wake up

Answer 17

circadian rhythm

Question 18

what regulates the circadian rhythm and where is it located

Answer 18

regulated by the brains suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which are located in the hypothalamus

Question 19

SCN neutrons become active during the day time and _______ the pineal gland’s secretion of melatonin, raising your body temperature and heightening your alertness. At night SCN neutrons are inactive allowing melatonin levels to _______ and promoting relaxation and sleepiness.

Answer 19

reduce the pineal gland’s secretion of melatonin,

At night SCN neutrons are inactive allowing melatonin levels to increase

Question 20

the _______ gland produces melatonin

Answer 20

peneal

Question 21

____________ is a hormone that has relaxing effects on the body and promotes sleepiness

Answer 21

melatonin

Question 22

without day/night cycle cues your body would drift into a longer 24.2-24.8 hour clock

creating a __________ circadian rhythm

Answer 22

freerunning circadian rhythm

Question 23

The cyclic tendency to become psychologically depressed during certain times of the year (fall/winter) is referred to as _______ _______ disorder

Answer 23

seasonal affective disorder

Question 24

EEG’s are used to show your brains electrical activity in a pattern of _____ waves when you are awake with your eyes open,

Answer 24

beta waves

Question 25

________ waves occur hen you're relaxed/drowsy, or meditating and occurs at about 8 to 12 cycles per second

Answer 25

alpha waves

Question 26

When you're awake and alert, ________ waves have a high frequency of about 15 to 30 cycles per second, but a low "amplitude" or height

Answer 26

beta

Question 27

What brain wave patterns distinguish the first four stages of sleep Stage 1: alpha waves turn into _______ waves Stage 2: sleep ______ and _______ indicate transition to stage 2 Stage 3: slow and large ______ waves start to occur Stage 4: _______ waves dominate brain activity

Answer 27

Stage 1: alpha waves turn into theta waves Stage 2: sleep spindles and k-complex's indicate transition to stage Stage 3: slow and large delta waves start to occur Stage 4: delta waves dominate brain activity

Question 28

eastyn smokes a fatty bowl, she feels relaxed and drowsy but not quite asleep yet what will her sleep waves probably look like on an eeg

Answer 28

alpha waves

Question 29

eastyn is awake and alert after poppin an addy, her brain is most likely emitting ______ waves

Answer 29

beta

Question 30

during the _______ _____ _______ stage of sleep, brain-wave activity resembles that of active wakefulness, but the muscles in the bosy become completely relaxed

Answer 30

rapid eye movement (REM)

Question 31

in stage one of sleep Brain wave pattern becomes irregular, ________ theta waves (3.5 to 7.5 cps) increase ______ sleep, easily awakened

Answer 31

Brain wave pattern becomes irregular, slower theta waves (3.5 to 7.5 cps) increase Light sleep, easily awakened Lasts a few minutes, body jerks occur here

Question 32

during stage 2 of sleep Sleep _________ appear (1 to 2 second bursts of rapid brain wave activity of 12-15 cps) mucles go _______, breathing a heart rate _______ its _______ to be awakened

Answer 32

Sleep spindles appear (1 to 2 second bursts of rapid brain wave activity of 12-15 cps) Muscles relaxed, breathing and heart rate slow down Harder to awaken

Question 33

during stage 3 of sleep we see the ppearance of very slow and large _______ waves (0.5 to 2 cps)

Answer 33

delta

Question 34

during stage 4 of sleep _______ waves dominate EEG patten the body is ________ and we see _______ brain activity

Answer 34

Delta waves dominate EEG patern Body relaxed and we see decreased brain activity

Question 35

After about 20-30 minutes in stage 4 of sleep, what happens

Answer 35

you go back to stage, 3, 2, and then during your entry back into stage one you enter REM sleep

Question 36

we spend more time in ______ sleep than any other stage, and throughout the night you spend less and less time in stage ___

Answer 36

REM stage 4

Question 37

why is it called rapid eye movement sleep

Answer 37

Sleepers’ eyeballs move back and forth beneath their closed eyelids

Question 38

when awoken in REM sleep dreams are almost ______ reported

Answer 38

always

Question 39

During REM, physiological arousal may increase to ________ levels (breathing, heart rate, boners, pussies getting wet)

Answer 39

daytime

Question 40

during REM sleep the brain sends signals to make it more _______ for muscles to contract

Answer 40

difficult

Question 41

ture or false, Rem sleep is the ony stage were dreams occur

Answer 41

false

Question 42

true or false non REM sleep dreams are shorter than REM sleed dreams

Answer 42

true

Question 43

Each cycle through REM stages takes around ___ minutes

Answer 43

90 minutes

Question 44

Physiological arousal, paralysis of voluntary muscles and high rates of dreaming are all aspects of _______ sleep

Answer 44

REM

Question 45

REM ______ _______ occurs when the brain sends signals to male voluntary sucle movements more difficult

Answer 45

REM sleep paralysis

Question 46

newborns sleep around 16h a day, almost half of it in _______

Answer 46

REM

Question 47

as people age they get less and less _______ wave sleeo

Answer 47

slow wave sleep

Question 48

according to the sleep _______ _____, sleep recharges our bodies and allows us to recover from physical and mental fatigue

Answer 48

sleep restoration model

Question 49

the __________ sleep model emphasize that sleep increases a species chance of survival in relation to environmental demands

Answer 49

Evolutionary sleep model

Question 50

_______ is characterized by chronic difficulty to fall asleep, stay asleep or experience a restful sleep

Answer 50

insomnia

Question 51

eastyn suffers from a sleep disorder where she suddenly falls asleep for 1-60 minutes uncontrollably, what does she have?

Answer 51

narcolepsy

Question 52

eastyn suffers from a sleep disorder where she suddenly falls asleep for 1-60 minutes uncontrollably, what does she have?

Answer 52

narcolepsy

Question 53

eastyn is having a sex dream in REM sleep. She suddenly starts humping the air uncontrollably in her sleep and acting out the dream. What sleep disorder does she suffer from?

Answer 53

Rem sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) paralysis during rem is absent enabling them to move about and act out their dreams

Question 54

_______ _______ occur when one is aroused to a near panic state, may suddenly sit up, let out a scream and thrash about or flee to another room to try and escape

Answer 54

night terrors

Question 55

why did Freud believe we dream?

Answer 55

Wish fulfillment the satisfaction of a psychological need through dreaming or a waking fantasy

Question 56

freud outltines 2 aspects of dreams _________ content which is the surface sotry of the dream _________ content which is the hidden meaning in our drea

Answer 56

Manifest content (surface story of our dream) Latent content (hidden meaning)

Question 57

________ _________ theory states that dreams are the brain making sense of random neural activity, dreams serve no function

Answer 57

Activation synthesis theory

Question 58

________ _______ dream models- sate that dreams help us find creative solutions to problems

Answer 58

problem solving dream models

Question 59

__________ ________ dream theories focus on the process of how we dream and propose that dreaming and waking thought are produced by the same mental systems in the brain

Answer 59

cognitive process dream theories

Question 60

In what Stage of sleep does sleep walking occur?

Answer 60

Stages 3 or 4 of slow-wave sleep.

Question 61

sleep _____ is a disorder characterized by a repeated cycle in which the sleeper stops breathing, momentarily awakens, and then returns to sleep

Answer 61

apnea

Question 62

eastyn has a dream where she fails her stats exam. the literal meaning is __________ function the fear that she might fail her exam is the ________ function

Answer 62

he literal meaning is manifest function the fear that she might fail her exam is the latent function

Question 63

agonistic drugs _______ neuron acvity

Answer 63

increase

Question 64

what type of drug inhibits or decreases neuron activity

Answer 64

antagonistic

Question 65

eastyn had decrease responsivity to weed because she smokes it every damn night, what is this referred to as

Answer 65

tolerance

Question 66

bodily response that opposes a drugs effects and occurs in an attempt to restore homeostasis are referred to as __________ responses

Answer 66

compensatory

Question 67

withdrawal is due to continuing ___________ responses after a drugs stop

Answer 67

continuing compensatory respoonses

Question 68

depressant drugs ________ nervous system activity, reduce anxiety and give a relaxed euphoria

Answer 68

decrease

Question 69

How do drugs increase/decrease synaptic transmission

Answer 69

they are either agonists or antagonists

Question 70

alcohol increasers the activity of the neurotransmitter ______, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and decreases the activity of _________

Answer 70

GABA, glutamate

Question 71

_______ drugs increase nural firing and arouse the nervous system, boost heart rate, breathing, alertness and mood

Answer 71

stimulant

Question 72

___________ psychosis is characterized by psychotic symptoms which involves and typically occurs following an overdose on psychostimulants

Answer 72

Amphetamine psychosis

Question 73

codeine and heroine are examples of ________, which provide pain relief and cause mood swings/euphoria

Answer 73

opiates

Question 74

mind altering drugs which produces hallucinations are called what

Answer 74

hallucinogens

Question 75

_____ is the major ingredient in weed, and ______ is the other one; which is not mood altering, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic

Answer 75

thc cbd

Question 76

_______ is when people are able to experience imaged test suggestions as if they were real

Answer 76

hypnosis

Question 77

_______ ________ _______ contain a standard series of pass/fail suggestions that are read to a subject after a hypnotic induction

Answer 77

Hypnotic susceptibility scales

Question 78

__________ increase dopamine and norepinephrine activity (reducing appetite and fatigue

Answer 78

amphetamines

Question 79

eastyn takes 13 fireball shots and decides to SUCK SOMBODY'S EAR AT A PARTY she then wakes up the next morning and realizes that this short sidedness in thinking was _______ __________

Answer 79

alcohol myopia - shortsightedness in thinking caused by inability to pay attention

Question 80

how do stimulants influence neural firing

Answer 80

they increase it

Question 81

how do depressants influence nervous system's activity

Answer 81

decreases

Question 82

Cocaine – increases activity of norepinephrine and dopamine by blocking _________

Answer 82

reuptake

Question 83

the _________ theory of hypnosis says that a person simultaneously experiences two streams of consciousness  One stream responds to hypnotist’s questions  Second stream (part of consciousness that monitors behaviour) remains in the background but is aware of everything

Answer 83

dissociation theory of hypnosis

Question 84

the _______ _______ theory of hypnosis claims that people motivated to conform to the role of a hypnotized person develop a readiness to respond to the suggestions and to perceive the hypnosis as real and involuntary

Answer 84

social cognitive theory of hypnosis

Question 85

consciousness often depends on ______

Answer 85

attention

Question 86

very well learned behaviour carried out through ________ processing

Answer 86

automatic

Question 87

poorly learnt skills are carried out through _______ processing

Answer 87

controlled

Question 88

eastyn and mireille drive to ACEB. by the time eastyn gets there, she says to mireille "damn broski, ion even remember driving here" she was thus using ________ processing

Answer 88

automatic

Question 89

reading is an example of an _______ process

Answer 89

automatic

Question 90

awareness of the relationship between the self and the external world is a way of defining ________

Answer 90

consciousness

Question 91

eastyn is trying to remember a word for her essay, she tells mireille that the the word is in the "tip of her toung". this is an example of Freudian ________ level

Answer 91

preconscious level, where the information is not currently available but could be

Question 92

most people daydream every 90 minutes. Here are the 4 things most commonly day dreamt about, put them in order from most daydreamt sex or romance aggression problem solving failure or success guilt

Answer 92

1. failure or success 2. aggression 3. sex or romance 4. guilt 5. problem solving

Question 93

names the waves from