Chapter 1 - Science of Behaviour

Question 1

Define Psychology

Answer 1

The Scientific study of the mind and behavior

Question 2

Define Behavior

Answer 2

Directly observed actions and responses

Question 3

Define the mind

Answer 3

intellectual states and processes (thoughts, feelings) inferred form observed, measurable responses

Question 4

What is clinical psychology

Answer 4

study and treatment of mental disorders

Question 5

what is cognitive psychology

Answer 5

study of mental processes; mind as an informational processor

Question 6

what is neuroscience/biological psychology

Answer 6

biological reasons for behavior (genes, evolution, brain processes, hormones)

Question 7

what is developmental psychology

Answer 7

follows the physical, psychological, and social development throughout one’s life

Question 8

what is experimental psychology

Answer 8

deals with experiments, learning, sensory systems and perception

Question 9

what is industrial organizational psych

Answer 9

deal with workplace workplace behavior, leadership, teamwork and motivation

Question 10

what is personality psychology

Answer 10

how personality traits relate to behavior; focus on measurement of personality (tests)

Question 11

what is social psychology

Answer 11

influences people have on each other and how they view each other (relationships)

Question 12

Name the 4 goals of psychology

Answer 12

DESCRIBE how ppl and other animals behave

EXPLAIN and understand causes of behavior

PREDICT behavior

INFLUENCE/CONTROL human behavior in order to enhance human welfare

Question 13

what’s the difference between basic and applied research

Answer 13

Basic - knowledge for its own sake

applied- solve specific practical problems

Question 14

what’s the mind-body problem

Answer 14

is the mind a spiritual entity separate from the body or is it a a part of the physical body?

Question 15

what is mind-body dualism

Answer 15

the belief that the mind is a spiritual entity, not physical

Question 16

what is dualism and who said what abt it

Answer 16

dualism holds that no research on the physical body could make sense of the mysteries of the non-physical mind

Rene decartes; -mind and body interact thru the brain’s tiny pinneal gland

Question 17

what is monoism and who said what abt it

Answer 17

the mind and body are one
Thomas Hobbes; mental events correspond with physical events in brain

Question 18

what is british empiricism

Answer 18

all knowledge and behaviour is acquired through experience (empirically); humans are born as a blank slate

Question 19

what is psychophysics

Answer 19

psychological experiences sensations depend on characteristics of physical stimuli

Question 20

what did charles darwin’s theory of evolution propose regarding the mind ?

Answer 20

the mind it not a spiritual entity, rather a product of biological continuity

Question 21

what is structuralism and functionalism? compare

Answer 21

structuralism; the mind in terms of basic elements, structures of consciousness

functionalism; functions of consciousness - influenced by darwin it proposed that experience molds behav
- wanted to describe the adaptive (evolutionairy) function of the mind

Question 22

what did william james do

Answer 22

a functionalist

influenced by darwins theory of evolution

wrote the first textbook

Question 23

whats the psychodynamic perspective and who said what about it

Answer 23

searches for causes of behavior in personality

Freud;
- introduced the unconscious
- used free association

Question 24

what is the behavioral perspective

Answer 24

sees behav as jointly determined by previous exp and immediate sitmuli

Question 25

what is the law of effect (in the behavioural perspective) and who coined it

Answer 25

responses followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to reoccur Edward thorndike

Question 26

What is behaviourism? Who is the Father of Beahiourism?

Answer 26

all behaviours are learned from inerracting with environment - emphesizes the study of overt, observable behaviours john b watson

Question 27

what is cognitive behaviourism, who coined it

Answer 27

learning exp and env affect out behav by giving us the info we need to behave accordingly Albert Bandura

Question 28

what is the humanist perspective

Answer 28

each of us have inborn forces towards self actualization ; when humans have a supportive env their positive inner nature emerges

Question 29

what is the cognitive perspective

Answer 29

examines the nature of the mind and how mental processes influence behav; humans are informational processors governed by thought

Question 30

what did gestralt psych try to find?

Answer 30

how the mind organizes elements into a whole perception; brought light to perception and problem solving

Question 31

what is the modern cognitive perspective

Answer 31

study of mental processes by which ppl reason, make decisions, solve problems, form perception and produce/understand launguage

Question 32

what is cognitive neuroscience

Answer 32

using brain imaging to examine brain activity while ppl perform cognitive tasks; how we learn language, knowledge, form memories etc

Question 33

what is the sociocultural perspective

Answer 33

how the social environment and cultural learning influences behav, thoughts and feelings

Question 34

what is the biological perspective

Answer 34

hoe brain processes and other bodily functions regulate behavior

Question 35

what did Karl Lashey do

Answer 35

made lesions in brain and observed how it affected learning and memory; inspired the mapping of brain regions

Question 36

What did Donald o hebb propose

Answer 36

he proposed that changes in connections between nerve cells provide biological basis for learning, memory and perceptions - lead to the discovery of neurotransmitters

Question 37

what is nativism

Answer 37

the perspective that you were born with inborn skills; child prodigies

Question 38

who was william wundt

Answer 38

founder of modern psychology, made first lab

Question 39

who is BF Skinner

Answer 39

a behaviorist who coined operant conditioning; that learning is controlled by wether the consequences are pos or ned

Question 40

what did jean piaget do

Answer 40

suggested that kids dont think the same; coined stages of cognitive developement

Question 41

guess who - philosopher and mathematician - discovered the reflex arc - believed in dualism (the mind works like a machine)

Answer 41

rene descartes

Question 42

guess who - physicist and mathematician - "sensations can be measured" - father of psychophysics

Answer 42

gustav fechner

Question 43

guess who - father of modern psychology - first psych lab - father of stucturalism

Answer 43

wilhelm wundt

Question 44

guess who - disputed being the first to set up a psych lab - psychologist at Harvard - published first psychology textbook

Answer 44

william james

Question 45

guess who - trained by william james - first woman allowed to study at harvard medical school (but denied an actual degree)

Answer 45

mary calkins

Question 46

guess who - medical doctor - believed that psychical disorders could have a psychological base

Answer 46

sigmund freud

Question 47

guess who - studied under freud - broke ranks with freud of disagreements about sexual personality - believed in the collective unconscious

Answer 47

carl jung

Question 48

guess who - humanist approach - reacting against freud - the self and unconditional positive regard - develops the Rogerian therapy - believes that clients strive for personal goals

Answer 48

carl rogers

Question 49

guess who - Nobel prize for work on salivation - discovers that associations drive learning - classical conditioning

Answer 49

ivan pavlov

Question 50

guess who - behaviorist - operant conditioning - important association between the stimulus presented and your response - learning is controlled by consequences

Answer 50

BF Skinner

Question 51

guess who - studied under Binet - stages that children do not think like adults - stages of cognitive development

Answer 51

jean pieget

Question 52

guess who - biology of learning and memory - searched for the "engram" (single location for memory) and discovered there was not a single location for memory - came to believe that memory is distributed throughout cortex - used technique of lesioning (destroying specific brain tissue)

Answer 52

karl lashey

Question 53

guess who - examines the function of cortex through direct stimulation - maps cortical function in humans

Answer 53

wilder Penfield

Question 54

guess who - gestalt psychology - studied problem solving - learning can occur through insight

Answer 54

wolfgang kohler

Question 55

guess who - gestalt psychologist and social psychologist - behavior always occurs in social contextual environment, a field with many forces directed toward the individual - mentors many famous psychologists

Answer 55

kurt levin

Question 56

a _______ psychologist is interested in psychological disorders and their treatment

Answer 56

clinical

Question 57

a _______ psychologists are not interested in abnormal behavior, rather talking to normal people with normal lives.

Answer 57

counselling

Question 58

a _______ psychologist are interested in how mental processes change throughout the course of one's lifetime

Answer 58

developmental

Question 59

dr.mike is a _______ psychologist

Answer 59

education

Question 60

a _______ psychologist perform experiments

Answer 60

experimental

Question 61

a _______ psychologist are interested in how psychological principles apply in the world of business setting

Answer 61

Industrial organizational

Question 62

a _______ psychologist are interested in both the development of personality and the measurement they do things like creating personality tests

Answer 62

personality

Question 63

a _______ psychologist works primality in the school setting

Answer 63

school

Question 64

a _______ psychologist are interesting in "normal behavior" and why people do things they do in every day life

Answer 64

social