chapter 6 study guide

Question 1

what happens to most materials when they are heated?

Answer 1

expansion

Question 2

what happens to the average kinetic energy when the temperature is increased?

Answer 2

when temp increases, average kinetic energy increases

Question 3

describe the changes in energy as related to heat engines

Answer 3

a heat engine changes thermal energy into mechanical energy

Question 4

what two kinds of energy are found in the mechanical energy of a football during a pass down the field?

Answer 4

potential energy and kinetic energy

Question 5

in years past, people would put a hot water bottle in their bed to help warm their bed. what do we call this transfer of the warmth from the water bottle to their feet?

Answer 5

heat

Question 6

what water is heated on a stove, what kind of energy is transferred?

Answer 6

thermal energy

Question 7

every material has its own specific heat. is it easier to change the temp of materials with a high specific heat or low specific heat?

Answer 7

low specific heat

Question 8

why is the ocean cold even in summer?

Answer 8

high specific heat

Question 9

when you take a bottle of water out of the refrigerator, why does your hand get cold?

Answer 9

conduction

Question 10

describe the changes in energy as related to how a thermostat works

Answer 10

thermostats transform thermal energy into mechanical energy

Question 11

be able to list some examples of a heating appliance

Answer 11

coffee maker, clothes/curling iron

Question 12

be able to explain why a bimetallic coil is used in a thermostat

Answer 12

a bimetallic coil is used in a thermostat because the two metals heat and cool at different rates

Question 13

which part of a refrigerator causes the coolant to change from a liquid to a gas?

Answer 13

expansion value

Question 14

which part of the refrigerator removes thermal energy from inside the refrigerator?

Answer 14

coolant vapor

Question 15

which part of the refrigerator compresses the coolant and increases its thermal energy

Answer 15

compressor

Question 16

in what part of an internal combustion engine is the gasoline mixed with air?

Answer 16

cylinder

Question 17

what is the lowest possible temp?

Answer 17

0 degrees K

Question 18

be able to explain how a liquid thermometer works

Answer 18

a liquid thermometer works because liquid expands when warmed

Question 19

how is thermal energy calculated?

Answer 19

thermal energy is its kinetic energy plus its potential energy

Question 20

why does water make a good coolant?

Answer 20

water makes a good coolant because it has a high specific heat

Question 21

what kind of radiation do all objects emit?

Answer 21

electromagnetic radiation

Question 22

when a substance is heated, the particles gain energy and spread out creating more volume. what happens to the mass of the substance when it is heated?

Answer 22

the mass remains the same

Question 23

be able to describe heat

Answer 23

heat is thermal energy transferred from one object to another because of a different in temp

Question 24

to check if a stovetop is hot, you place your hand near the top of the stove and feel that it is warm without touching it. why can you feel the heat from the stovetop?

Answer 24

radiation

Question 25

which part of an internal combustion engine transforms thermal energy into mechanical energy?

Answer 25

piston

Question 26

a hot iron is turned off and cools down to room temp. why does the iron cool?

Answer 26

the iron cools because heat energy is transferred from the warm iron to the cooler room

Question 27

in an experiment, bars of different metals are all heated to 100 degrees celsius to determine how their volumes and length would be affected. predict the most likely outcome

Answer 27

all volumes and lengths change

Question 28

be able to identify three scales that are used to measure temp

Answer 28

kelvin, fahrenheit, and celsius

Question 29

compare and contrast temp and thermal energy

Answer 29

similar because they are related to the energy in the particles of objects. temp is a measure of average kinetic energy of the particles, while thermal energy is a measure of the total energy (potential and kinetic) of all the particles in an object

Question 30

be able to explain why a thermometer does not measure thermal energy

Answer 30

it does not give information about the potential energy of the particles in the substance