Chapter 6: Thinking & Intelligence

Question 1

Concept

Answer 1

Mental category that groups objects , relations , activities , abstractions or qualities having common properties .

Question 2

Basic concepts

Answer 2

Moderate number of instances

Question 3

Prototype

Answer 3

Representative example

Question 4

Proposition

Answer 4

Meaningful unit built of concepts & expressing a single idea

Question 5

Schema

Answer 5

Mental network of knowledge , beliefs & expectations

Question 6

Image

Answer 6

Mental representation that resembles what it represents

Question 7

Subconscious process

Answer 7

Mental process occurs outside of conscious progress

Question 8

Non-conscious process

Answer 8

Mental processes occurring outside of and not available to conscious awereness

Question 9

Implicit learning

Answer 9

knowledge about something without being aware

Question 10

Mindlessness

Answer 10

Mental inflexibility, obliviousness in the present context,

Question 11

Reasoning

Answer 11

drawing of conclusions or inferences from observations, and facts

Question 12

Algorithm

Answer 12

problem solving strategy guaranteed to produce a result

Question 13

Deductive reasoning

Answer 13

Logic in which a conclusion necessarily follows from a set of premises

Question 14

Inductive reasoning

Answer 14

a conclusion probably follows from a set of premises

Question 15

heuristic

Answer 15

rule of thumb that suggest a course of action or guides.

Question 16

dialectical reasoning

Answer 16

opposing facts and ideas that are weighed and compared

Question 17

skills

Answer 17

assumptions, questionares

Question 18

pre reflexive judgement

Answer 18

first two stages, pro’s & cons

Question 19

Quasi reflective judgement

Answer 19

middle 3 reflective judgement, final two stages

Question 20

Affect heuristic

Answer 20

consults ones emotions instead of estimating probabilities: emotions get the way of your action

Question 21

Availability heuristic

Answer 21

judge the probability of a type of event by how easy it is to think of examples

Question 22

Framing effect

Answer 22

peoples choices be effected by how a choice is represented ( chance of winning )

Question 23

Fairness Bias

Answer 23

Rational to accept any offer

Question 24

Hindsight Bias

Answer 24

Tendency to over estimate ones ability to have predicted an event once the outcome is known

Question 25

confirmation Bias

Answer 25

tendency to pay attention only to information that conforms ones owns beliefs

Question 26

Mental set

Answer 26

tendency to solve problem using procedure that worked before on similar problems

Question 27

Cognitive dissance

Answer 27

state of tension produced when a person holds two psychology inconsistent cognition or when a persons belief is in congruent with behavior ( thought are different) ex: ex smokers

Question 28

Post decision dissance

Answer 28

need to justify behavior that conflicts with view on life

Question 29

justification of effort

Answer 29

tendency to people to increase their liking for something they have worked hard for or suffered

Question 30

Intelligence

Answer 30

inferred characteristics (acquire knowledge, think abstract , act purposely)

Question 31

G factor

Answer 31

intellectual ability assumed by theorist to underline specific mental abilities

Question 32

psychometric

Answer 32

measurements of mental abilities and traits

Question 33

factor analysis

Answer 33

analizes the inter correction among various measures or test scores

Question 34

IQ test

Answer 34

mental age

Question 35

componential

Answer 35

defining strategics and evaluating

Question 36

metacognition

Answer 36

awareness of ones own cognitive process

Question 37

experiential

Answer 37

transfer skills to new situations

Question 38

contextual

Answer 38

adapting to changes and new environment

Question 39

emotional intelligence

Answer 39

ability to identify your own and other peoples emotions accurately

Question 40

heritability

Answer 40

a statistical estimate of the proportions of total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic difference among induviduals

Question 41

Environmental contributors play a role in IQ scores

Answer 41

Poor prenatal care, stressful family, Malnutrition, exposure to toxics

Question 42

Cognitive ethology

Answer 42

study of cognitive process in nonhuman animals

Question 43

anthropomorphism

Answer 43

tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to non human beings

Question 44

anthropodenial

Answer 44

tendency to think mistakenly , that human beings have nothing in common with other animals

Question 45

Intra

Answer 45

yourself

Question 45

intro

Answer 45

other people

Question 46

IQ formula

Answer 46

MA=CA * Average is 85-115