Chapter 7: Memory

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Capacity to retain and retrieve info and structures that account for capacity.

Question 2

Case study of H.M

Answer 2

Not remembering new experiences after brain sugery

Question 3

Memory is a reconstructive process

Answer 3

alter memories that they make sense of material

Question 4

source misattribution

Answer 4

inability to distinguish what you experience from heard

Question 5

Flashbulb memories

Answer 5

events held in memory

Question 6

contabulation

Answer 6

confusion of event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you

Question 7

recall

Answer 7

retrieve and reproduce from memory previously encountered matrial

Question 8

recognition

Answer 8

ability to identify previously encountered material

Question 9

implicit learning

Answer 9

unconscious retention in memory

Question 10

priming

Answer 10

person reads and listens to info and is later tested to see effect performance

Question 11

relearning method

Answer 11

measuring retention that compares the time requires to relearn material

Question 12

parallel distributed processin

Answer 12

knowledge is represented as connections among thousands of interesting processing units

Question 13

Sensory register

Answer 13

memory system that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory info

Question 14

Short term memory

Answer 14

a limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods

Question 15

chunk

Answer 15

meaningful unit of info that is composed of smaller units

Question 16

working memory

Answer 16

complex form of short term memory : involves active mental process that control retrieval info from long term memory

Question 17

long term memory

Answer 17

memory system involved in the long term storage of information

Question 18

procedural memories

Answer 18

memories for performance of action or skills

Question 19

declarative memories

Answer 19

memories of facts rules concepts and events

Question 20

semantic memories

Answer 20

memories of general knowledge (facts, rules, concepts, propositions)

Question 21

episodic memories

Answer 21

memories of personally experienced events and the context in which they occured

Question 22

Serial position effect

Answer 22

tendency to recall of first and last items on a list to surpass items in a middle of a list

Question 23

primacy effect

Answer 23

improved recall for items at the beginning of a list

Question 24

recency effect

Answer 24

improved recall for items at the end of a list

Question 25

biology of memory

Answer 25

forming a memory involved chemical and structural changed in parts of neurons

Question 26

biology of short term memory

Answer 26

alter neurons ability to release neurotransmitters

Question 27

biology of long term memory

Answer 27

increase in the strength of synaptic responsiveness

Question 28

consolidation

Answer 28

a long term memory becomes durable and stable

Question 29

responsible for the formation, consolidation and retrieval of emotional memories

Answer 29

Amygdala

Question 30

responsible for short term memory and working memory task

Answer 30

frontal lobes

Question 31

responsible for storage of long term memories

Answer 31

hippocampus

Question 32

procedural memories involve specific changed to ..

Answer 32

the cerebellum

Question 33

formation of long term memories involved the

Answer 33

cerebral cortex

Question 34

hormones released by adrenal glands

Answer 34

epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 35

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 35

repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory

Question 36

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 36

association of new info with stored knowledge

Question 37

deep processin

Answer 37

procession of meaning rather than simply the physical or sensory feature of a stimulus

Question 38

mnemonic

Answer 38

strategies and tricks for improving memory

Question 39

Decay theory

Answer 39

if info is not accessed, memory disappears

Question 40

replacement

Answer 40

new info entering memory can wipe out old info

Question 41

retroactive interference

Answer 41

ability to remember similar material stored previously

Question 42

proactive interference

Answer 42

ability to remember similar , more recently learned material

Question 43

Amnesia

Answer 43

partial or complete loss of memory of important personal information

Question 44

psychogenic amnesia

Answer 44

need to escape feelings of embarrassment, guilt, shame, disappointment

Question 45

traumatic amnesia

Answer 45

forgetting of specific traumatic events,

Question 46

repression

Answer 46

selective involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting information into the unconscious

Question 47

Childhood Amnesia

Answer 47

ability to remember events and experienced that occurred during the first two or three years

Question 48

brain development

Answer 48

parts of the brain associated with memory may not be adequately developed in young children

Question 49

cognitive development

Answer 49

absense of an adequate self concept and underdeveloped cognitive schemas

Question 50

social development

Answer 50

preschoolers don't understand the conventions of reporting experiences or founding on details important to others