Chapter 6 Upper Limbs Flashcards
0
Q
Efficiency of hand function result bc of
A
Ability to place proper position by movements at the scapulothoracic, glenohumeral, elbow, radio-ulnar and wrist joints
1
Q
What is the upper limb characterized by
A
It’s mobility and ability to grasp, strike and perform fine motor skills
2
Q
Shoulders include
A
Deltoids
Pectoral
Scapular
Lateral cervical region
3
Q
What is the superior appendicular skeleton
A
Pectoral girdle
Bones of the free part of the upper limb
4
Q
Where does the superior appendicular skeleton articulate
A
Sternoclavicular joint allowing great mobility
5
Q
What supports the pectoral girdle
A
Axio appendicular muscles which attach to the rib, sternum, and vertebrae of axial skeleton
6
Q
What does the clavicle do
A
Connects upper limb to the trunk
7
Q
The curvatures of the clavicle allow what
A
Increases the resilence
8
Q
What does the clavicle do
A
Serves as a pivoting strut(rigid support) from which the scapula and free limbs are suspended
Forms one of the boundaries of the cervical-auxiliary canal
Transmits shocks from the upper limbs
9
Q
Glenohumeral joint is composed
A
Lateral surface of the head of scapula has a glenoid cavity, which articulates with the head of humerus at the glenohumeral joint
10
Q
Humerus is what type of bone
A
Largest bone in the upper limb
11
Q
What separates the lesser tubercle from the greater tubercle
A
Inter tubercle sulcus
12
Q
What separates the heads from the tubercle
A
Anatomical neck of the humerus
13
Q
Pectoral fascia does what
A
Invest the pectoralis major and is continuously inferiority with the fascia of the anterior abdominal wall
14
Q
What does the axillary fascia form
A
Forms the floor of the axilla
15
Q
Claivipectoral fascia does what
A
Descends from the clavicle, enclosing the subclavius and then the pectoralis minor becoming continuously inferiorly with the axillary fascia
16
Q
the clavipectoral fascia has what membrane between the pectoralis minor and subclavius
A
Costocoracoid membrane
17
Q
Lateral pectoral nerve supplies what
A
Pectoralis major
18
Q
What does the suspensory ligament of axilla do
A
Supports the axillary fascia and pulls it and the skin inferior to it upward during abduction of the arm, forming the axillary fossa
19
Q
Deltoid fascia invest what
A
Deltoid and is continuos with the pectoral fascia anterior lay
20
Q
Brachial fascia does what
A
A sheath of deep fascia, encloses the arm
21
Q
Where does the brachial fascia attach
A
Inferiorly to the epicondyles of the humerus and the olecranon of the ulna
22
Q
The two inter muscular septa, the medial and lateral inter muscular septa divide the arm into what
A
Anterior( flexor) and posterior (extensor)fascia compartments
23
Q
Antebrachial fascia is separated by
A
In the forearm and separated by Interosseous membrane
24
Extensor retinaculum is formed by
The antebrachial fascia of the distal end of the radius and ulna to form a transverse band
25
What holds the extensor tendons in position
Extensor retinaculum
26
Flexor retinaculum continuous from
Antebrachial fascia
27
Where do the flexor tendons and median nerve pass
Carpal tunnel
28
Palmar fascia is what
The deep fascia of the upper limb after the extensor and flexor retinacula
29
The palmar aponeurosis is what
Central part of palmar fascia
| Is thick, tendinous and triangular
30
What forms the base of the palmar aponeurosis
Superficial transverse metacarpal ligaments
31
What are superficial transverse metacarpal ligament
Strong skin ligaments, holding the palmar skin close to the aponeurosis
32
Where are most cutaneous nerves of the upper limb are derived from
Brachial plexuses (c5-t1)
33
Cutaneous nerves from the shoulder derived from the
Cervical plexuses
34
Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm (C5-C8)
A branch of the radial nerve, supplies posterior surface skin of arm
35
Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm (C5-C8)
A branch of radial nerve
| Supplies the skin of posterior forearm
36
Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (C5-C6)
Terminal branch of axillary
| Supplies the skin over the lower part of deltoid and on lateral side of the midarm
37
Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm (C5-C6)
Branch of radial nerve
| Supplies the skin over the infero laterally aspect of arm
38
Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (c6-c7)
Branch of musculocutaneous nerve
| Supplies lateral side of forearm
39
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C8-T1)
Arises from medial cord of the brachial plexus
| Supplies skin on medial side of the arm
40
Intercostobrachial nerve (T2)
Branch of the 2nd intercostal nerve
| Supplies the Innervation of the skin on the medial surface of the arm
41
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (C8-T1)
Arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus
| Supplies the skin on the anterior and medial surfaces of forearm
42
Acronym for rotatores cuff
```
SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
There's minor
Subscapularis
```
43
The boundaries of the axilla
pyramidal space inferior to the glenohumeral joint and superior to the skin and axillary fascia
44
what does the axilla provides a passageway for what
vessels and nerves going to and from the upper
45
what is the apex of the axilla
the cervico-axillary canal
| passageway between the neck and axilla
46
where is the cervico-axillary canal bounded to
first rib
clavicle
superior edge of scapula
47
another name for the base of the axilla is
armpit and axillary fossa
48
what is the anterior wall of the axilla formed by
major and minor pectoralis
| clavipecctoral fascia
49
what is the anterior axillary fold
inferiormost part of the anterior wall
50
what the posterior wall of the axilla formed by
scapula
subscapularis on its anterior surface
and inferiorly by the teres major
51
where is the posterior axillary fold
inferiormost part of the posterior wall that may be grasped
52
lateral wall of the axilla is made by
intertubercular sulcus of humerus
53
medial wall of axilla is formed by
thoracic wall and serratus anterior
54
What does the axillary artery continues as
Subclavian artery
55
where does the axillary artery begin and end
begins at the first rib and ends at the inferior border of the teres major
56
where is the axillary vein
initially on the anterior medial side of the axillary artery
57
what forms the axillary vein
union of the accompanying brachial vein and basilic vein
58
where does the axillary vein end
first rib where it becomes subclavian vein
59
internal thoracic artery origin
inferior surface of the subclavian artery
60
the course of the internal thoracic
branches off to posterior end of sternal end of clavicle and enters thoracic
61
thyrocervial trunk artery origin
anterior surface of subclavian artery
62
subclavian artery gives rise to
internal thoracic artery
| thyrocervical trunk
63
course of thyrocervical trunk
gives rise to inferior thyroid artery and cervicodorsa trunk
cervicodorsal give rise to suprascapular and dorsal scapular arteries
64
suprascapular artery origin
thyrocervial trunk
65
passage of suprascapular artery
crossing anterior scalene muscle, phrenic nerve, subclavian artery and brachial plexus
66
axillary artery breaks into three components
first, second and third part
67
what is the first part of the axillary artery
superior thoracic
68
superior thoracic artery course
pectoralis minor and passes between it and pectoralis major
| supplies the 1st and 2nd intercostal space and superior part of serratus anterior
69
second part of the axillary artery contain
thoraco-acromial
| lateral thoracic
70
course of thoraco-acromial
pectoralis minor
pierces cotocoracoid membrane
breaks into four branches: pectoral, deltoid, acromial and clavicular
71
lateral thoracic (axillary artery)
pectoralis minor
| supplies lateral aspect of breast
72
third part of axillary contains
circumflex (anterior an posterior)
| subscapular artery
73
course of anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery
encircles surgical neck of humerus
74
course of subscapular artery
on the scapula and breaks into
| circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries
75
ciircumflex scapular ( subscapular artery) course
infrasipinous fossa and anastomosing with supracapular artery
76
thoracodorsal (subscapular artery) course
enter the apex of latts
77
brachial artery breaks into three arteries
profunda brachii artery
| superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery
78
profunda brachii artery origin and course
origin; near middle of arm
| course: supplyingg posterior compartment of arm and participates in the elbow joint
79
anterior ulnar collateral (brachial artery) origin and passage
near middle of arm
| course: accompanies ulnar nerves to posterior aspect of elbow
80
inferior ulnar collateral ( brachial artery) origin and course
origin superior to medial epicondyle of humerus
| course: with anterior ulnar recurrent artery
81
The boundaries of the axilla
pyramidal space inferior to the glenohumeral joint and superior to the skin and axillary fascia
82
what does the axilla provides a passageway for what
vessels and nerves going to and from the upper
83
what is the apex of the axilla
the cervico-axillary canal
| passageway between the neck and axilla
84
where is the cervico-axillary canal bounded to
first rib
clavicle
superior edge of scapula
85
another name for the base of the axilla is
armpit and axillary fossa
86
what is the anterior wall of the axilla formed by
major and minor pectoralis
| clavipecctoral fascia
87
what is the anterior axillary fold
inferiormost part of the anterior wall
88
what the posterior wall of the axilla formed by
scapula
subscapularis on its anterior surface
and inferiorly by the teres major
89
where is the posterior axillary fold
inferiormost part of the posterior wall that may be grasped
90
lateral wall of the axilla is made by
intertubercular sulcus of humerus
91
medial wall of axilla is formed by
thoracic wall and serratus anterior
92
What does the axillary artery continues as
Subclavian artery
93
where does the axillary artery begin and end
begins at the first rib and ends at the inferior border of the teres major
94
where is the axillary vein
initially on the anterior medial side of the axillary artery
95
what forms the axillary vein
union of the accompanying brachial vein and basilic vein
96
where does the axillary vein end
first rib where it becomes subclavian vein
97
internal thoracic artery origin
inferior surface of the subclavian artery
98
the course of the internal thoracic
branches off to posterior end of sternal end of clavicle and enters thoracic
99
thyrocervial trunk artery origin
anterior surface of subclavian artery
100
subclavian artery gives rise to
| Acronym SIT
internal thoracic artery
| thyrocervical trunk
101
course of thyrocervical trunk
gives rise to inferior thyroid artery and cervicodorsa trunk
cervicodorsal give rise to suprascapular and dorsal scapular arteries
102
suprascapular artery origin
thyrocervial trunk
103
passage of suprascapular artery
crossing anterior scalene muscle, phrenic nerve, subclavian artery and brachial plexus
104
axillary artery breaks into three components
first, second and third part
| Acronym ST LAPS
105
what is the first part of the axillary artery
superior thoracic
106
superior thoracic artery course
pectoralis minor and passes between it and pectoralis major
| supplies the 1st and 2nd intercostal space and superior part of serratus anterior
107
second part of the axillary artery contain
thoraco-acromial
| lateral thoracic
108
course of thoraco-acromial
pectoralis minor
pierces cotocoracoid membrane
breaks into four branches: pectoral, deltoid, acromial and clavicular
109
lateral thoracic (axillary artery)
pectoralis minor
| supplies lateral aspect of breast
110
third part of axillary contains
circumflex (anterior an posterior)
| subscapular artery
111
course of anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery
encircles surgical neck of humerus
112
course of subscapular artery
on the scapula and breaks into
| circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries
113
ciircumflex scapular ( subscapular artery) course
infrasipinous fossa and anastomosing with supracapular artery
114
thoracodorsal (subscapular artery) course
enter the apex of latts
115
brachial artery breaks into three arteries
profunda brachii artery
| superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery
116
profunda brachii artery origin and course
origin; near middle of arm
| course: supplyingg posterior compartment of arm and participates in the elbow joint
117
anterior ulnar collateral (brachial artery) origin and passage
near middle of arm
| course: accompanies ulnar nerves to posterior aspect of elbow
118
inferior ulnar collateral ( brachial artery) origin and course
origin superior to medial epicondyle of humerus
| course: with anterior ulnar recurrent artery
119
Boundaries of triangular space
Content circumflex scapular artery
Inferior: teres major
Superior: teres minor
Lateral: long head of tricep
120
Tricep hiatus boundaries
Content: deep artery, radial nerve
Superior: teres major
Medial: long head of tricep
Lateral: humerus
121
Quadrangular space:
Teres minor:superior
Humerus:lateral
Teres major: inferiorly
Long head of triceps : medially
