Chapter 63 and 64 Test Review Flashcards
(52 cards)
Kidneys should be sonographically documented in all fetuses by how many weeks?
13 weeks
Protrusion of the posterior wall of the urinary bladder what is that called?
Exstrophy of the bladder
Bladder wall thickness in a fetus normally is how many millimeters?
2 mm or less
Sonographically what would it look like if you saw complete renal agenesis?
the bladder will not be seen
the stomach will not be seen
severe oligohydramnios is evident
Sonographic findings of prune belly syndrome include all of the following except what?
Prune Belly Syndrome:
recognized by 3 features: cryptorchidism, agenesis or dysplaisa of the abdominal wall muscles and dilation of the collecting system
referred to the Eagle-Barret Syndrome
Sonographic Fingings:
- bladder appear anechoic
- large and thin walled bladder
- prostatic urethra in males may be enlarged, mimicking PUV, but the “keyhole” sign will not be there
- bilateral hydronephrosis with possible dysplasia
- ureters are dilated and tortuous
- ureters may appear as numerous cystic lesions within the distended abdominal cavity
- oliogohydramnios is present
- the abdomen is extremely distended compared to the small thoracic cavity
The sonographic documentation of absent or hyoplastic abdominal muscles and undescended testes is often difficult
An anechoic cystic structure within the fetal baldder is most likely what?
ureterocele
A condition is which both ovarian and testicular tissues are present is what?
true hermaphroditism
The ureteric bud gives rise to all of the following…
ureter
renal pelvis
calyces
collecting tubules
The kidneys initially lie in which of the following positions?
very close together in the pelvis
Permanent kidneys arise from the what?
develop from 2 different sources
- the metanephric diverticulum or ureteric bud
- the metanephric mesoderm
The most likely cause of bilateral hydronephrosis is a fetus is which one of the following?
bladder outlet obstruction
If you have a dilated bladder with a keyhole bladder what condition are you most likely going to see?
posterior urethral valve (PUV)
Renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, abnormal facies, malformed hands and feet are found in which condition?
Potter’s Syndrome
The renal system fails to develop in which of the following conditions?
renal agenesis
What are the sonographic findings of posterior urethral valve (PUV)?
- both kidneys will appear to have severe hydronephrosis
- oligohydramnios
- stomach will not be seen
- both ureters will be dilated
The testicles are not visible within the scrotal sac until how many weeks gestation?
28 weeks
You cannot exclude renal agenesis before how many weeks?
15 to 18 weeks
Renal malformations may be divided into two categories? what are they?
- those involving congenital malformations
2. those resulting from an obstructive process
What are the findings observed in hydronephrosis?
Hydronephrosis refers to dilatation of renal pelvis and calyces
Fetal hydronephrosis is most common fetal anomaly
Findings suggesting hydronephrosis include abnormal intrapelvic anteroposterior (AP) diameter measurement
Intrapelvic diameter >7 mm, consider mild hydronephrosis
Intrapelvic diameter measuring 7 – 15 mm, consider moderate hydronephrosis
Intrapelvic diameter measuring >15 mm, considered marked dilatation or severe hydronephrosis
What condition develops at the lumen of the allantois persist while the urachus is forming?
If lumen of allantois persists while urachus forms, urachal fistula develops, which causes urine to drain from bladder to umbilicus
If only small part of lumen of allantois persists, is called urachal cyst or vesicoallantoic cyst
If larger portion of lumen persists, may cause urachal sinus to develop that may open at umbilicus or into urinary bladder
This condition is called patent urachus
Know all the correct information about fetal ovarian cysts
-results from maternal hormonal stimulation
-usually benign
-Most common cystic mass in female fetuses
-Range in size from small to large
Usually located on one side of abdomen or lower pelvis
Can be unilateral or bilateral
Most cysts regress either in utero or during postnatal period
Mass may twist onto itself, leading to torsion, rupture, intestinal obstruction
Which of the following anomalies demonstrates the ultrasound characteristics of trisomy 18?
Pena-Shokeir syndrome and trisomy 18 have similar features, so karyotyping should be offered
—Or she may be looking for—-
-Rocker-bottom foot characterized by prominent heel and convex sole
Is associated with multiple syndromes and chromosomal anomalies, especially trisomy 18
Which of the following anomalies is associated with micromelia and a hitchhiker thumb?
Diastrophic Dysplasia Sonographic Findings Micromelia Talipes Fixed abducted thumb (hitchhiker thumb) Scoliosis Talipes (clubfoot) Micrognathia (small chin) Cleft palate
The charateristics of thanatophoric dysplasia except for what?
Is most common lethal skeletal dysplasia “death personified”
type I:
short, curved femurs and flat vertebral bodies
type II:
by straight, short femurs, flat vertebral bodies, and cloverleaf skull
Sonographic Features
Severe micromelia especially of proximal bones (rhizomelia)
Cloverleaf deformity occurs as result of premature craniosynostosis and may be associated with ACC
Narrow thorax with shortened ribs
Frontal bossing (bulging forehead)
Hypertelorism (widely spaced eyes)
Flat vertebral bodies (platyspondyly
Severe polyhydramnios
Hydrocephalus
Nonimmune hydrops
