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Journals > Chapter 68-74 > Flashcards

Chapter 68-74 Flashcards

1
Q

Pavarotti VCOT 22
Injection of adipose tissue

A

● Radiographic scores for OA from days 0 to 180 were similar, except in two dogs
● No major side effects were noted after injection
● Lameness and Canine Brief Pain Inventory scores were significantly lower at all time points compared with day 0. Post- injection results demonstrated gradual improvement of kinetic data up to day 180 compared with pre-treatment values: vertical impulse (>2.25%), peak vertical force (>5.32%) and percentages of body weight distribution (>3.6%)
● In dogs with elbow OA, gait analysis values significantly increased at all time points compared with day 0.

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2
Q

Mielke VCOT 18
Spontaneous septic arthritis in dogs

A

● Pre-existing osteoarthritis was present in 93%
● ALL cases had increased neutrophil counts in synovial fluid
● Only 57% cultured positive
● Despite initial improvements in lameness scores, 92% had residual long term lameness
● Recurrence of infection in 25%
● Acute mortality rate of 9.5% associated with systemic sepsis

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3
Q

Idowu JSAP 18
Relation between Type 1 immune mediated poly arthritis and vax?

A

No evidence

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4
Q

Maniaki JFMS 21
4 risk factors for mobility changes

A

○ neuter status at 6 months of age → neutering early decreased risk of mobility issues
○ trauma before 6 years of age
○ outdoor access
○ overweight/obese

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5
Q

Budsberg JAVMA 18
Tramadol usefulness in dogs

A

● Changes in baseline in VI and PVF were significantly greater with carprofen vs tramadol with elbow or stifle OA.
● CBPI improved for carprofen group; no different in tramadol vs placebo.
● No clinical benefit of tramadol for analgesia of OA

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6
Q

Guedes JAVMA 18
Tramadol in cats

A

● 2mg/kg Tramadol works well in geriatric cats with osteoarthritis.
● Significant Improvements w/ 2mg/kg PO BID
● Adverse events were dose dependent, higher w/ 4mg/kg dose

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7
Q

Guedes JAVMA 18
Gaba in cats

A

● Gabapentin decreases pain by suppression of dorsal horn nociceptive neurons and activates descending inhibition by increasing glutamatergic neurotransmission
● Gabapentin associated with:
o Signif lower mean daily activity counts (48,333 vs 39,038 counts/d)
o Signif greater odds (about 3x) of Client-noted improvement
● Conclusion: Gabapentin improved owner-identified impaired activities in OA cats. Activity levels were lower though, sedation was the most common adverse effect.

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8
Q

Shipley JFMS 21
Amantadine in cats

A

● amantadine - NMDA antagonist
● owners perceived improved clinical signs when treated with amantadine compared to placebo
● activity count was reduced with amantadine treatment compared to control

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9
Q

Hayashi VCOT 21
Synthetic lubricin

A

● synthetic lubricin is both biocompatible and safe for single administration within the canine stifle joint

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10
Q

Whittemore JVIM 19
Aspirin, pred or combo in dogs

A

● Gastric mucosal lesion scores increased in the aspirin, prednisone and combo treatment groups
● Dogs receiving prednisone had 11x and dogs receiving combo pred/aspirin had 32x higher odds of GI ulcerative lesions than placebo
● No lesions were associated with clinical signs, however

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11
Q

Allen VS 19
Synovial fluid and lameness

A

● Concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, substance P, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, KC-like, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-3 were greater in dogs with OA than those without
● MCP-1 was most accurate in distinguishing OA joints from non-arthritic
● Bradykinin and tissue inhibitors of MMP-4 were decreased in OA vs without
● No correlation in any biomarker and lameness severity

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12
Q

Klein VS 19
Leptin and OA

A

● Serum and synovial fluid leptin was not associated with radiographic severity of OA
● joint fluid leptin correlated with BCS and was weakly associated with LOAD scores

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13
Q

Klein VS 19
Interleukin 8 and OA

A

● elevated synovial fluid concentrations of IL-8 and MCP-1 in stifle of dogs with OA compared to normal stifles
● no correlation between these and LOAD scores or radiographic severity of OA

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14
Q

Purina Lifetime study

A

o Body weight correlated moderately w severity of hip osteoarthritis, suggesting that body weight alone might not be the primary driving force for development of hip osteoarthritis in the dog
o Optimal BCS limits the appearance (and progression) of osteoarthritis in dogs

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15
Q

Maniaki JFMS 23
Owners notice DJD in cats?

A
  • There was no significant difference between groups for age category, breed, sex, temperament and body condition score.
  • Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index and orthopaedic examination were able to differentiate cats with early owner-reported signs of impaired mobility from healthy cats.
  • VetMetrica Comfort domain scores indicated a compromised quality of life for cats with early owner-reported signs of impaired mobility compared with healthy cats.
    o Being able to recognise signs of mobility impairment earlier would allow interventions aimed at slowing disease progression, thereby improving feline health and welfare.
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16
Q

Ravicini JSAP 23
Dogs with immune mediated polyarthritis

A
  • Ninety-five percent (69/73) of dogs responded favourably to therapy although death was attributed to immune-mediated polyarthritis in 19% (14/73) of dogs.
  • Relapse of clinical signs was reported in 53% (39/73) dogs (31/39 while on treatment), with multiple relapses observed in 17 dogs.
  • Complete cure (permanent withdrawal of immunosup- pressive medication) was achieved in 46 dogs (63%).
  • 81% of dogs had a well-managed disease for an extended timeframe (≥1131days). Fourteen of 19 (74%) dogs that started treatment with multi-modal immunosuppression and 32 of 54 (59%) started on corticosteroids alone achieved a complete cure.
  • Immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued in the majority of dogs but disease-associated mortality remains high.
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17
Q

Cunningham JFMS 22
Chondrotin in cats

A

This study showed a strong placebo effect. The glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate supplement did not show pain-relieving effects when compared with placebo

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18
Q

Chalifoux JVIM 23
NSAID toxicosis

A

excellent prognosis with fluid therapy, lipid emulsion and plasma exchange
overall survival rate 99%

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19
Q

Green JFMS 22
Sphynx cats

A

● episodes characterized by impaired ambulation due to muscle hypertonicity, most commonly affecting hips and pelvic limbs and shoulders and thoracic limbs
● sudden movement, excitement, and stress identified as possible triggers for episodes
● 2 cats became free of episodes when receiving acetazolamide
● 2 achieved spontaneous remission

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20
Q

Choi VCOT 21
feline skeletal guide

A

● significant skeletal sex dimorphism exists in cats
● male cat distal limb bones generally longer and wider than female cats
● most significant differences were seen in MC5 and MT5

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21
Q

Anderson VCOT 21
dwarfism in cats

A

● all limbs from cats with feline disproportionate dwarfism possessed deformities
● humeri demonstrated procurvatum proximally, recurvatum distally
● radii possessed excessive recurvatum proximally and procurvatum distally with varus proximally and valgus distally
● all radii had external torsion
● femurs exhibited varus proximally and varus distally (varus at both levels)
● tibia possessed proximal valgus and distal varus
● no IVDD was seen in any cat

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22
Q

Edwards JVECC 21
Civillian vs working dogs

A

● penetrating injuries most common, followed by blunt trauma for civilian dogs and operational canines
● explosions accounted for 22% of injuries in military working dog group
● animal bite and motor vehicle accidents were more prevalent in civilian dogs
● gunshot or knife/sharp object more common in military working dogs

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23
Q

Dozeman JVECC 2020
CT for polytrauma

A

● all patients presented with blunt trauma
● 40% head injury; 25% lung injury, 25% pelvic injury

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24
Q

Wootton JFMS 22
Feline IMPA

A

Prognosis for feline IMPA can be good. Multimodal immunosuppression was often required. IMPA should be considered in lame cats, with or without pyrexia, when there is no evidence of trauma or infection. The tarsal joints should be included in the multiple joints chosen for sampling. Ligament laxity can occur in non-erosive feline IMPA.

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25
Q

Miller JAVMA 23
Joint injections

A
  • Minor complications were noted in 70 of 283 visits and included transient soreness (18.4%, lasting a median of 2 days; range, 1 to 20 days) and gastroenteritis (6.8%).
  • One case of septic arthritis (1/505 joints), which possessed risks of a hematogenous source, was the only potential major complication.
  • Therapeutic joint injections in dogs are safe, with an extremely low risk of major adverse effects. Transient soreness is a commonly expected minor adverse event.
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26
Q

Bartling JVECC 23
elevator injuries

A
  • Injuries that can be sustained by dogs in an elevator include crush injuries from doors closing on limbs or tails and injury due to leash entrapment in an elevator door.
  • Many elevator-related injuries required surgical intervention, and recovery was often protracted.
  • All dogs survived to hospital discharge in the present study, and none of the injuries in these dogs had serious long-term consequence
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27
Q

Linder JVECC 23
ballistic trauma

A
  • Thirteen animals sustaining ballistic trauma. Twelve of 13 animals survived to discharge. Two animals had ophthalmic abnormalities, 9 animals had neurologic lesions, and 2 animals had no significant ophthalmic or neurologic deficits.
    o Seven dogs underwent surgical intervention: 5 neurosurgical, 1 enucleation, and 1 laparotomy. Median hospitalization time was 6 days with a range from 1 to 31 days.
  • Overall prognosis and outcome are variable and dependent on specific injury location and degree of injury.
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28
Q

fisher JVECC 23
Surgery in feline trauma

A
  • 99% survived to discharge compared to 73.5% of the nonsurgical group
  • The most common surgery services involved were orthopedics (41%) and dentistry (38%)
    Most common surgeries performed were mandibular fracture stabilization and internal fixation for long bone fractures
  • Surgical intervention in feline trauma patients appears to be associated with higher survival rates, but no difference in mortality was found across surgery services.
    OR surgical intervention, in particular, orthopedic surgery, was associated with increased length of hospitalization, increased cost, and increased use of blood products.
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29
Q

Hale VS 21
tendon plating

A

● constructs prepared with hybrid and figure-8 patterns sustained 2x higher forces before gap formation compared to those prepared with simple interrupted pattern
● no difference between tendons whose plate was secured with hybrid or figure 8 suture patterns

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30
Q

Wa Chiu VS 21
novel core tenorrhaphy

A

● tested 3 loop pulley, exposed double-cross-lock, embedded double-cross-lock, triple-circle-lock, and modified Tang patterns
● exposed double-cross-lock, embedded double-cross-lock, and modified Tang had ~2x higher yield, peak, and failure loads than 3 loop pulley
● these patterns also had higher load to 1 and 3 mm gapping
● these patterns failed by suture breakage, vs 3 loop pulley failed by suture pull through

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31
Q

Mikola VCOT 18
Avulsion of infra/supraspinatus

A

● 5 labs between 6-8 months of age, avulsion injuries diagnosed on rads or CT
● All treated asymptomatically with rest, NSAIDS, all improved (most had concurrent other ortho issues, MCP, OCD)

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32
Q

Sugiyama VCOT 21
muscle length increased when joints?

A

higher rate of increase in the muscle length was observed when femotibial joint was >135* and tibiotarsal joint was <125*

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33
Q

Murakami VCOT 20
Limb position on measurements of the quadriceps muscle length/femoral length

A

Quadriceps muscle length/femur length ratio increased with the hip extended and with stifle flexed

34
Q

Baroncelli VCOT 21
Transarticular calcanea-tibial locking plate

A

● all tendons healed and no complications noted
● utilized Fixin L or T plate to the medial tibia and calcaneus, 2 locking screws in each bone

35
Q

Sugiyama VS 18
Transarticular tibiotarsal immobilization techniques

A

● no change in tibiotarsal angle in any technique tested
○ single circular ring, calcaneotibial screw, calcaneotibial screw + cranial cast, cranial cast alone, type IA linear ESF, type II linear ESF

36
Q

Schulz VS 19
CCT repaired with PRP

A

● 2 dogs had major comps, successfully revised
● PRP either injected directly into tendon ends or delivered via collagen sponge
● At long-term follow up - anatomic measurements did not differ btwn treated and normal contralateral tendons
● Owners scored fxn as 96% and QOL as 95%

37
Q

Cocca VCOT 20
Horizontal mattress epitendinous suture placement

A

● mode of failure different between groups:
o w/ epitendinous horizontal mattress suture: failed by suture breakage
o w/o epitendinous suture, failed by suture pull through
● Addition of an epitendinous suture pattern significantly reduced gap formation between tendon ends and significantly increased loads at yield (2x) and failure (2.0x)
● Use of an epitendinous suture should be considered to significantly increase biomechanical strength of repairs

38
Q

Cocca VS 19
3 epitendinous suture patterns as adjuncts to a core locking loop suture for repair of canine flexor tendon injuries

A

● Resistance to 1 and 3mm gap formations was greater for epitendinous groups than LL alone
● No differences in yield, peak, failure forces or gapping was noted btwn Epitendinous groups

39
Q

Putterman VS 19
continuous epitendinous suture as adjunct

A

● Gap formation best prevented with 3LP vs LL when used alone
● Tendonorrhaphies combined with epitnedinous suture achieved higher yield, peak, and failure forces without gapping btwn tendon ends
● Addition of epitendinous suture eliminated gapping btwn tendon ends until failure and increased resistance to loads tolerated at repair site

40
Q

Duffy Vet Surg 20
Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture

A

● force to create 1 mm and 3 mm gaps was greater in complete vs partial circumferential ES placement
● complete circumferential ET sutures failed by suture pull through; partial circumferential ET sutures failed by suture breakage
● addition of complete circumferential ET suture with single or double knotting technique increased biomechanical strength of normal tendon repairs
● no difference between the two 360* ET suture groups for yield or failure point

41
Q

Eby VS 20
Barbed epitendinous suture

A

● compared locking loop + smooth suture/V-loc/Quill/Stratafix epitendinous sutures
● yield and failure loads greater for smooth suture and Stratafix epitendinous sutures
● groups with epitendinous suture required higher loads to generate 1 and 3 mm gaps

42
Q

Duffy Vet Surg 21
Novel barbed suture pattern with epitendinous suture augmentation in a canine flexor tendon model

A

● failure mode differed:
○ suture pull through in non-ET suture augmentation
○ tissue failure distant to repair when using ET suture
● no difference between 3LP + ET vs NBSP + ET
● NBSP may be advantageous as it is as strong and doesn’t require knot tying

43
Q

Duffy Vet Surg 21
accessory tendon graft augmentation for primary gastrocnemius tendon reconstruction in dogs

A

● yield and failure loads were 2X greater when accessory tendon graft was used for repair
● greater forces was required to cause 1 mm and 3 mm gaps in the accessory tendon graft group

44
Q

Curcillo VCOT 21
biomechanical assessment of a novel multi-strand repair of canine tendon lacerations

A

six-strand repair was strongest
● mode of failure in all groups was suture pull-through

45
Q

Duffy Veturg 20
autologous flexor digitorum lateralis graft to augment the surgical repair of gastrocnemius tendon laceration

A

● strength doubled with autologous lateral digital flexor graft
● stabilized lateral digital flexor to calcanean tendon via Krackow pattern
○ 85% of these failed via tissue rupture at myotendinous junction distant to repair site

46
Q

Gaskin JFMS 23
Flexor tenectomy

A
  • All cats walked more comfortably post-tenectomy surgery.
  • Onychectomy can lead to pain, inappropriate elimination and aggressive behavior. The presented salvage tenectomy procedure can alleviate or eliminate inappropriate behaviors by reducing the pain from the original onychectomy.
47
Q

Pownder VCOT 23
Supraspinatus tendon

A
  • A significant reduction in the most central portion of the supraspinatus tendon was found for every increased year in age
48
Q

Basa JFMS 23
radioulnar lgt in cats

A

the distal radioulnar ligament could be seen as a triangular-shaped structure extending between the dorsal surface of the distal radius and ulna
* In the cat, there appears to be a less extensive interosseous component of the distal radioulnar ligament compared with the dog and cheetah. Instead, the ligament follows the articular surfaces of the distal radius and ulna.
* These anatomical differences may account for increased rotation of the feline antebrachium

49
Q

Hauler JFMS 23:
CCT injury in cats - population and classification

A
  • Most cases involved closed injuries of the CCT (69.7%).
    o Twenty- one of 46 cats had closed atraumatic injuries (45.7%).
    o Open injuries (30.3%) were most commonly lacerations (65%).
    o Twenty-one injuries were classified as atraumatic (31.8%), whereas 25 were traumatic (37.9%). With every year of age, the odds of having an atraumatic injury increased by a factor of 1.021.
    o Most acute lesions were Meutstege type I injuries (55.6%).
    o Subacute and chronic lesions were more commonly Meutstege type IIc injuries (58.8% and 60%, respectively).
    o Considering all CCT injuries, a Meutstege type IIc injury was most common (53%).
  • Older cats more commonly presented with atraumatic CCT injuries.
50
Q

Hauler JFMS 23:
CCT injury in cats - treatment

A
  • 83.3% were treated surgically. All limbs were immobilised for a mean time of 48.2 days
    o 63 cats that had the temporary tarsal joint immobilisation technique recorded, a transarticular external skeletal fixator (ESF; 57.1%) or a calcaneotibial screw (33.3%) were used most commonly. Method didn’t affect outcome
  • The total short-term complication rate was 41.3%, with pin tract infections being the most commonly
    o Three cats (6%) had a total of four major complications over the long term.
  • Most cats (86%) were free of lameness at the long-term evaluation, with an overall successful clinical long-term outcome of 84.9%, according to the owner questionnaire.
  • Outcome was generally good in cats with CCT injury, irrespective of the type of treatment. Surgically treated cats had a slightly better long-term outcomes.
51
Q

O’Byrne VCOT 22
4 loop vs 3 loop

A

4LP pattern was biomechanically superior to a 3LP pattern. 4LP suture pattern better resists gap formation and requires greater load prior to construct failure compared with a 3LP

52
Q

Scharf VRU 23
Long digital extensor tendon inflammation

A
  • Computed tomography and mag- netic resonance imaging revealed an irregular, contrast-enhancing mass extending along the proximolateral right tibia, involving the long digital extensor tendon (LDET) ± cranial tibialis muscle
53
Q

Tani VS 22
FCU repaired with fascia lata

A

Each injured tendon was reconstructed with a fascia lata graft. The radius and metacarpal bones were immobilized by a type I external skeletal fixation for 6 weeks.
* No difference was detected between the operated and contralateral limbs on postoperative examination, including range of motion, and angles of the carpus during standing or extension stress. No recurrence of carpal hyperextension was observed over 36 months after surgery.
* Carpal hyperextension was successfully treated by primary repair of the damaged area and reinforcement with fascia lata and maintained long- term joint mobility in two dogs.

54
Q

Cortes VS 19
Cartilage injury by cannula

A

● unguarded cannulas resulted in more total iatrogenic injury, larger injury area, and larger injury length
● Silicone guarded arthroscopy cannulas decreased iatrogenic cartilage injury number and size during canine cadaveric stifle arthroscopy without increasing duration of procedure or surgical difficulty
● ET tube cut an used as “guard” Canula sheath

55
Q

Deweese VCOT 19
cartilage grading scores

A

Experience of the observer increased the strength of agreement btwn scores

56
Q

Agnello VCOT 20
CCL disease and cartilage

A

● cartilage pathology and synovitis seen in all joints
● overall cartilage scores were low (Modified Outerbridge 1)
● median outerbridge score of proximal trochlear groove (2) was significantly higher than all other locations
● higher synovitis scores were significantly associated with higher cartilage severity scores
● medial meniscus tear had no association with cartilage severity scores or synovitis

57
Q

Katz VS 22
flounce sign?

A

● sensitivity of meniscal flounce sign for indicating intact or torn meniscus was 97%
● a positive meniscal flounce sign was associated with a normal meniscus; absence of a flounce sign was associated with a meniscal tear

58
Q

Aoki VCOT 18
bipolair effects on fluid

A

● The stifle joint fluid temperature was significantly higher when there was no contact between the tissue and RF probe compared with when tissue was contacted
● The temperature was higher during the 30-second application of RF energy than the 15-second group
● Bipolar RF energy without firm tissue contact rapidly and significantly increased joint fluid temperature beyond the level reported to damage chondrocytes (above 45°C) : mean 58°C
■ Compared to 29°C when contacting tissues
○ An 18-gauge egress needle had minimal effect on reducing joint fluid temperature
○ Caution is required in the use of bipolar RF energy in the canine stifle joint

● FYI: Previous in vitro studies reported that temperatures greater than 45°C for 3 seconds decreased the viability of chondrocytes in tissue culture, and caused 50% chondrocyte death at 55°C and death of all chondrocytes at 65°C

59
Q

Rogato VS 18
miniarthrotomy

A

● arthroscopy resulted in greater iatrogenic injury than mini arthrotomy
● arthroscopy had higher number of injury sites per stifle, larger area
● visualization of articular structures not fully appreciated during mini arthrotomy

60
Q

Gotten VS 18
laterally placed stifle distractor

A

● pin sites: midway between apex of patella and lateral fabella; at level of tibial tuberosity in caudal tibia
● sufficient distraction was achieved for all stifle joints
● no damage to surrounding structures observed
● complete caudal horn meniscectomies possible with less articular damage than when attempted with manual distraction

61
Q

Penelas VS 18
Arthroscopic tendon repair of glenohumeral lat and subscapularis lgt

A

● humeral anchors were safer to place than glenoid anchors
● arthroscopic imbrication of medial glenohumeral ligament and subscapularis tendon was feasible

62
Q

Danielski VS 22
arthroscopic findings of HIF

A

● utilized a further caudal scope portal to better evaluate caudal humeral condyle
● all elbows with humeral intracondylar fissure showed a focal cartilage lesion on the caudal aspect of the humeral condyle
● Humero-anconeal incongruity was identified in all elbows with fissures

63
Q

Agnello VCOT 22
CdCL tears

A
  • Caudal cruciate ligament tearing was identified in 94% of stifles.
    o Longitudinal tearing (76%) was the most common type of damage (45% partial, 31% full thickness).
    o Synovitis was present in all joints and changes to the synovium overlying the CdCL were less frequently identified (67%).
     Synovitis was associated with the degree to CdCL tearing. Synovitis overlying the CdCL was associated with lower body weight and lower CdCL damage.
  • Caudal cruciate ligament damage is common in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease and longitudinal tearing was the most common injury identified. Severity of joint pouch synovitis was positively correlated with the degree of CdCL damage and the portion of the CdCL not exposed to the synovium was unaffected. These findings suggest synovitis is likely a contributor to CdCL injury.
64
Q

Egan VCOT 18
stifle OCD tx with SOR

A

Synthetic Osteochondral Resurfacing (SOR)
● 14 stifles in 9 dogs
● used both 1st and 2nd generation of a synthetic osteochondral resurfacing implant (SynACart, Arthrex)
● all dogs had femoral condyle OCD
● polycarbonate urethane weight- bearing surface, with or without a titanium bone in-growth surface
● Gen 1 (monolayer)
● Gen 2 (bilayer with metal disc)
● At 12 weeks 93% (13/14) of stifles displayed implant stability
● 8/9 dogs achieved a good-excellent clinical outcome
o 1 got infective arthritis and required explant

65
Q

Murphy VS 19
SOR for humeral OCD

A
  • Outcomes of dogs treated with generation 1 (G1 – 13 dogs, 15 shoulders) and G2 (11 dogs, 13 shoulders) SOR implants
    ● Lameness resolved in all dogs treated with G1 and 10/11 dogs treated with G2 by 12 wk
    ● Implant associated infection in one G2 implant required explant
    ● No recurrence of lameness in 9/15 G1 shoulders and 10/13 G2 shoulders at ~1 year post op
66
Q

Cinti VCOT 22
COR system for femoral OCD

A

● utilized the COR system (Depuy Synthes) for only femoral OCD
● 20 stifles in 18 dogs
● single graft transfer in 6 stifles, 14 mosaicplasty; no major complications
● at 3 months, 15/20 stifles had no lameness
● at 6 months, 12/13 dogs had no lameness

67
Q

Vezzosi VCOT 20
modification of chili CrLat approach for shoulder OCD

A

● modified approach allowed visibility and adequate exposure in all cases
● technique provided a reliable approach for treatment of canine shoulder OCD

67
Q

Applegrein VCOT 19
gait analysis on A frame

A

● A frame at 3 different angles of incline (40 degrees (standard), 35 and 30)
● Compared with 30° incline, ascent up the A-frame at a 40° incline requires a higher propulsive force and extended time in propulsion to maintain forward movement and convert potential energy into forward kinetic energy

68
Q

Applegrein VCOT 18
A frame affect on carpal joint

A

● no effect of A-frame angle on the highest carpal joint extension angle
● mean carpal angle for all angles of A-frame was ~60*
● physiologic limits of carpal extension were reached at all A-frame angles

69
Q

Castilla VCOT 19
carpal brace

A

● There was no clinically significant reduction in carpal extension measurements with and without the brace

70
Q

Aulakh VS 20

A

● No difference was detected between Numerical rating score (NRS) and visual analog score (VAS) at walk or at trot before and after orthopedic examination

71
Q

Souza VCOT 19
gait analysis of dogs with hip OA

A

● Dysplastic dogs had lower PVF (4% of BW difference), increased symmetry index (13% difference) and reduced maximum hip joint extension angle and ROM in all tests
● Mean hip ROM difference was 11, 20, 25, 25 for walking, climbing stairs, walking down a slope, sitting down/standing up

72
Q

Sandberg VCOT 18
pressure walkway and force plate

A

Symmetry Index values are likely to be different between Force Plate and Pressure Mat systems

73
Q

Clough VCOT 18
sn and sp of objective lameness

A

The weight distribution platform had the highest combined sens/spec at cut off point 2 below the normal value for the detection of both objective lameness and orthopedic disease

74
Q

Wagmeister VCOT 20
changes in unilateral hindlimb lameness

A

● small breed showed significantly higher weight loading on forelimbs compared to large breeds
● similar compensatory changes with unilateral hind limb lameness between small breed and large breed groups (cranial and lateral shift of center of mass)

75
Q

Schnable Leichter JFMS 21
FHO

A

● ground reaction forces in FHO legs were lower than those of other legs
● cats with limb shortening (dorsally displaced greater trochanter) did not have different ground reaction forces
● following FHO a long-term residual gait abnormality exists

76
Q

Basa VCOT 20

ante brachial joint

A

the proximal row of carpal bones translate and rotate independently from the ulna in the cat during pronation of the antebrachium

77
Q

Pettit VCOT 20
different collection methods

A

● No difference in peak vertical force or vertical impulse between collection methods
● symmetry index was not different between methods
● one plate system took significantly longer

78
Q

Ferrigno VCOT 20
vertical forces in dogs with TPA >25

A

● There was no significant difference in peak vertical force and vertical impulse between dogs with differing TPA (<25 vs >25*)

79
Q

Vitt VCOT 20
GSD support trot

A

● 40% demonstrated a standard trot
● 60% utilized a support trot intermittently

80
Q

Sandberg VCOT 23
joint angles in coordinate system

A
  • Sagittal, transverse and frontal plane kinematics joint angles were generated by use of a joint coordinate system
81
Q

Sandberg VCOT 23

A

Each model produced similar sagittal plane waveforms, though the LIN model had a greater vertical shift along the y-axis for the shoulder and elbow.
no differences in angular displacement measurements between models before or after waveform alignment at a walk or trot.

Journals (7 decks)

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