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psych 302 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

pitch

A

a perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to the fundamental frequency

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2
Q

hertz

A

cycles per second

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3
Q

loudness

A

a perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to intensity

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4
Q

timbre

A

a perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to complexity

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5
Q

tympanic membrane

A

the eardrum

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6
Q

ossicle

A

one of the three bones of the middle ear

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7
Q

malleus

A

the hammer; the first of the three ossicles

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8
Q

incus

A

the anvil; second of the three ossicles

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9
Q

stapes

A

the stirrup; the last of the three ossicles

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10
Q

cochlea

A

the snail shaped structure of the inner ear that contains the auditory transducing mechanisms

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11
Q

oval window

A

an opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea that reveals a membrane, against which the baseplate of the stapes presses, transmitting sound vibrations into the fluid within the cochlea

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12
Q

organ of corti

A

the sensory organ on the basilar membrane that contains the auditory hair cells

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13
Q

hair cell

A

the receptive cell of the auditory apparatus

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14
Q

deiters’s cell

A

a supporting cell found in the organ of corti; sustains the auditory hair cells

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15
Q

basilar membrane

A

a membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear; contains the organ of corti

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16
Q

tectorial membrane

A

a membrane located above the basilar membrane; serves as a shelf against which the cilia of the auditory hair cells move

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17
Q

round window

A

an opening in the bone surrounding the cochlea of the inner ear that permits vibrations to be transmitted via the oval window into the fluid in the cochlea

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18
Q

cilia

A

the hairlike appendages of a cell involved in movement or in the transducing sensory information; found on the receptors in the auditory and vestibular system

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19
Q

tip link

A

an elastic filament that attaches the tip of one cilium to the side of the adjacent cilium

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20
Q

insertional plaque

A

the point of attachment of a tip link to a cilium

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21
Q

cochlear nerve

A

the branch of the auditory nerve that transmits auditory information from the cochlea to the brain

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22
Q

olivocochlear bundle

A

a bundle of efferent axons that travel from the olivary complex of the medulla to the auditory hair cells on the cochlea

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23
Q

cochlear nucleus

A

one of a group of nuclei in the medulla that receives auditory information from the cochlea

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24
Q

superior olivary complex

A

a group of nuclei in the medulla; involved with auditory functions, including localization of the source of sounds

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25
lateral lemniscus
a band of fibers running rostrally through the medulla and pons; carries fibers of the auditory system
26
tonotopic representation
a topographically organized mapping of different frequencies of sound that are represented in a particular region of the brain
27
core region
the primary auditory cortex, located on a gyrus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe
28
belt region
the first level of auditory association cortex; surrounds the belt region
29
parabelt region
the second level of auditory association cortex; surrounds the belt region
30
place code
the system by which information about different frequencies is coded by different locations on the basilar membrane
31
rate code
the system by which information about different frequencies is coded by the rate of firing of neurons in the auditory system
32
cochlear implant
an electronic device surgically implanted in the inner ear that can stimulate the basilar membrane
33
fundamental frequency
the lowest, and usually most intense frequency of a complex sound; most often perceived as the sounds' basic pitch
34
overtone
the frequency of complex tones that occurs at multiples of the fundamental frequency
35
phase differences
the difference in arrival times of sound waves at each of the eardrums
36
intensity difference
the difference in sound intensities at each of the eardrums
37
vestibular sac
one of a set of two receptor organs in each inner ear that detect changes in the tilt of the head
38
semicircular cancel
one of the three ringlike structures of the vestibular apparatus that detect changes in head rotation
39
utricle
one of the vestibular sacs
40
saccule
one of the vestibular sacs
41
ampulla
an enlargement in a semicircular canal; contains the cupula and the crista
42
cupula
a gelatinous mass found in the ampulla of the semicircular canals; moves in response to the flow of the fluid in the canals
43
vestibular ganglion
a nodule on the vestibular nerve that contains the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons that convey vestibular information to the brain
44
cutaneous sense
one of the somatosense; includes sensitivity to stimuli that involve the skin
45
proprioception
perception of the body's position and posture
46
kinesthesia
perception of the body's own movements
47
organic sense
a sense modality that arises from receptors located within the inner organs of the body
48
glabrous skin
skin that does not contain har; found on the palms and soles of the feet
49
merkel's disk
a touch sensitive cutaneous receptor important for detection of form and roughness, especially by finger tips
50
ruffini corpuscle
a touch sensitive cutaneous receptor important in detecting stretching or static force against the skin, most important in proprioception
51
meissner's corpuscle
a touch sensitive cutaneous receptor important in detecting edge contours or braille like stimuli especially by fingertips
52
pacinian corpuscle
a vibration sensitive cutaneous receptor important in detecting vibration from an object being held
53
mechanoreceptor
a senory neuron that responds to mechanical stimuli: for example those that produce pressure, stretch, or vibration of the skin or stretch of muscles or tendons
54
phantom limb
sensations that appear to originate in a limb that has been amputated
55
umami
the taste sensation produced by glutamate
56
chorda tympani
a branch of the facial nerve that passes beneath the ear drum; conveys taste information from the anterior part of the tongue and controls the secretion of some salivary glands
57
nucleus of the solitary tract
a nucleus of the medulla that receives information from visceral organs and from the gustatory system
58
olfactory epithelium
the epithelial tissue of the nasal sinus that covers the cribriform plate; contains the cilia of the olfactory receptors
59
olfactory bulb
the protrusion at the end of the olfactory tract; receives input form the olfactory receptors
60
mitral cell
a neuron located in the olfactory bulb that receives information from olfactory receptors; axons of mitral cells bring information to the rest of the brain
61
olfactory glomerulus
a bundle of dendrites of mitral cells and the associated terminal buttons of the axons of olfactory receptors

psych 302 (12 decks)

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