Chapter 7 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What kind of parasite is plasmodium
haemosporidian, produces hemozoin from degraged hg
What are the important characteristics of haemosporidians
no conoids, only have sylvatic cycles, wild animals
What illness do plasmodium species cause, name them
malaria!
p. falciparum,
p. vivax,
p. ovale,
p. malariae
Where are the 4 plasmodium species found and are the tertian or quartan
p. vivax- tertian cosmopolitan
p. ovale- tertian West Africa
p. falciparum- tertian or irregular, cosmopolitan
p. malariae- quartan, cosmopolitan
Which plasmodium species is pathognomic explain
can be diagnosed by quartan symptoms, p. malariae
Plasmodium falciparum
most common, most dangerous, creates knobs on RBCs making them stick to endothelial cells, causes blockages
Draw the life cycle of Apicomplexa
slide 11
Explain the process of gametogony in Apicomplexa
2 trophozoites unite create 1 gamont, gamonts undergo fission and create haploid gametes Micro and Macro, sexual reproduction creates gamonts, fertilization creates zygote,
Explain the process of sporogony in Apicomplexa
zygote becomes oocyst/ sporocyst, meiosis and mitosis creates sporozoites, asexual reproduction creates merozoites
What are hypnozoites, what species have this stage
p. vivax and ovale, dormant stage in liver can last years, causes relapse. p malariae not often
What are the 3 structural features of invasive forms of apicomplexa
- apical complex
- thick, 3 layered pellicle
- microtubule cytoskeleton
Briefly summarize the 4 phases of Apicomplexa life cycle
4 phases 1 sexual, 3 asexual
end with invasive form
invasive forms have 3 structural features
What are the parts of the apical complex
apical ring, small vesicles, rhoptries
What stage of plasmodium does the mosquito inject into the blood stream
sporozoites
What happens after mosquito injects plasmodium into blood stream
sporozoites reach liver, invade cells and become trophozoites-> become schizonts-> lyse and release merozoites-> penetrate RBCs-> schizogony creates more merozoites->
What causes symptoms of malaria to be predictable
synchronous rupture of RBCs- creates periodic chills and fever
What causes each cycle of symptoms to get worse
haemozoin is released when degraded hemoglobin leaves ruptures RBCs, causing fever.
how many microgametes does 1 male gametocyte of plasmodium produce
8 microgametes
How does a zygote become an oocyst in plasmdium life cycle
zygote becomes ookinete-> goes through mosquito intestinal tract-> differentiates into diploid genome-> becomes oocyst
How can malaria potentially be controlled
old mosquitoes can pass it and need high temps, kill mosquitoes before they get older
How many sporozoites of plasmodium does one oocyst produce
up to 1000
How is Malaria treated
quinine from cinchona tree bark (fever bark), tree in SA and chloroquine
how does Malaria treatment defeat Plasmodium (quinine)
blood schizonticide and gametocytocidal activity in p vivax and malariae, it is a weak base, inhibits heme polymerase causing accumulation of toxic heme in parasite
How does chloroquine combat malaria
alkaline- raises ph in parasite food vacuoles, inhibits heme polymerase
