Chapter 7 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the strengths and weaknesses of content motivation theories compared to process motivation theories?
Content motivation theories focus on the content of what motivates people, while process motivation theories address the process of how people become motivated. Content theories are criticized for being too simplistic, while process theories are more dynamic and focused on intrinsic factors of motivation.
How does operant conditioning theory explain motivation?
Operant conditioning theory states that behavior is influenced by consequences. Behaviors that are rewarded are likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are punished are less likely to be repeated.
How do needs theories, such as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and ERG Theory, impact motivation?
Needs theories propose that individuals are motivated to fulfill a hierarchy of needs, starting from basic physiological needs to higher-order psychological needs, influencing their motivation levels and behaviors.
What are the basic characteristics of Managerial Decision-Making?
At the individual level of analysis, managerial decision-making involves input, process, and outcome stages, influenced by factors like individual driver input, role perception, ability, and performance environment.
Can you describe the main content theories of motivation and compare them?
Content theories of motivation focus on the content of what motivates people, such as needs and wants. Examples include Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and Alderfers ERG Theory.
How does Goal Theory contribute to our understanding of motivation?
Goal Theory states that individuals perform better when they have challenging, specific goals. Goal commitment plays a crucial role in motivating individuals to achieve their intended goals.
Is it possible to have a grand theory of motivation?
There may never be a single comprehensive theory that fully explains all aspects of human motivation due to the complexity and uniqueness of individual motivations.
What are the two drivers/components of motivation, and how do they influence behavior?
The two drivers of motivation are direction and intensity. Direction refers to what a person wants to achieve, while intensity is the level of effort and persistence of effort individuals put in to achieve their targets.
What are some of the modern advancements in the study of human motivation?
Modern advancements include research on higher-order needs, behavior modification, organizational justice, distributive justice, and procedural justice in the context of motivation.
What is the difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions?
Programmed decisions are those that are routine and repetitive with established guidelines, while non-programmed decisions are unique, unstructured, and require significant judgment and evaluation by decision-makers.
What is Murrays Manifest Needs Theory and McClellands Learned Needs Theory?
Murrays Manifest Needs Theory categorizes needs into primary, secondary, and latent needs, while McClellands Learned Needs Theory focuses on the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power as sources of motivation.
Can you explain the concept of the two drivers of motivation: direction and intensity?
Direction in motivation pertains to the objectives or goals individuals want to achieve, while intensity in motivation refers to the level of effort and persistence individuals exhibit to reach those goals.
Can you explain the Expectancy Theory of motivation and its impact on individual performance?
The Expectancy Theory suggests that individuals are motivated to put effort into tasks based on their belief that effort will lead to performance and performance will lead to desired outcomes. The theory emphasizes the importance of valence, expectancy, and instrumentality in determining motivation.
What are the process theories of motivation, and how do they differ from the content theories?
Process theories of motivation address how people become motivated and include theories like Equity Theory, Goal Theory, and Expectancy Theory. They differ from content theories by focusing on the process of motivation rather than specific needs.
How does Herzbergs Motivator-Hygiene Theory differentiate between motivators and hygiene factors?
Herzbergs Motivator-Hygiene Theory suggests that motivators, related to job content and achievement, lead to satisfaction, whereas hygiene factors, related to job context and basic needs, prevent dissatisfaction but do not directly motivate behavior.
What is Self-Determination Theory, and how does it explain intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Self-Determination Theory focuses on the role of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards in motivation. Extrinsic rewards are external incentives that meet lower-order needs, while intrinsic rewards stem from the enjoyment and fulfillment derived from the task itself.
How do individual driver input, role perception, ability, and performance environment influence motivation in the workplace?
Individual driver input, role perception, ability, and performance environment all contribute to influencing and understanding what motivates employees at work.
What are the differences between content and process theories of motivation?
Content theories of motivation focus on what motivates people, such as needs and wants, while process theories delve into how individuals become motivated and the cognitive processes involved.
What is the Equity Theory of motivation, and how does it affect individual motivation?
The Equity Theory posits that motivation is impacted by the perceived fairness of outcomes received in relation to inputs given. Individuals compare their outcomes and inputs with referent others to assess fairness and determine their level of motivation.
What is the definition of motivation, and how can we distinguish between direction and intensity of motivation?
Motivation is a force within or outside the body that energizes, directs, and sustains human behavior. Direction refers to what a person wants to achieve, while intensity is how hard people try to achieve their target.
