Chapter 7

Question 1

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels

Answer 1

cardiovascular disease

Question 2

What are some things that increase our risk of cardiovascular disease

Answer 2

unhealthy diet, sedentary, overweight, smoking, stress, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels

Question 3

The side of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs

Answer 3

right

Question 4

the side of the heart that pumps blood to the body

Answer 4

left

Question 5

the system that makes oxygenated blood

Answer 5

pulmonary circulation

Question 6

the system that delivers oxygenated blood to the body

Answer 6

systemic circulation

Question 7

the steps of blood travel

Answer 7

1. oxygen poor blood travels through veneer cavae into the atrium
2. right atrium contracts to pump blood into the ventricle
3. ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary artery into the lungs
4. blood fills with oxygen
5. blood goes to the left atrium and then to the left ventricle
6. left ventricle is full and pumps blood through the aorta and into the rest of the body

Question 8

two large veins that blood returns to the atrium of the heart

Answer 8

venae cavae

Question 9

the top chambers of the heart in which blood collects

Answer 9

atrium

Question 10

the bottom chambers of the heart that pumps the blood to other areas

Answer 10

ventricles

Question 11

large artery that sends blood to the other parts of the body

Answer 11

aorta

Question 12

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 12

arteries

Question 13

very small blood vessels that serve to exchange oxygen and nutrients from blood to tissues

Answer 13

capillaries

Question 14

When the heart is contracting

Answer 14

systole

Question 15

when the heart is relaxed

Answer 15

diastole

Question 16

the force exerted by blood against the blood on the walls of the blood vessels

Answer 16

blood pressure

Question 17

the sequence of contractions of the heart chambers that is controlled by nerve impulses

Answer 17

heartbeat

Question 18

Carry blood to the heart

Answer 18

veins

Question 19

Vessels on the left and right sides of the heart that gives the heart blood since the blood flowing through the heart’s chambers does not supply it with blood

Answer 19

coronary arteries

Question 20

What is the leading cause of heart attacks

Answer 20

coronary arteries blockage

Question 21

What is the risk of smoking a pack of cigs a day, two packs?

Answer 21

twice the risk of a heart attack of typical people and triple the risk

Question 22

how does smoking effect the blood?

Answer 22

platelets to stick together, damages arteries lining, leaves fatty deposits in the arteries, and increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 23

when too much force is exerted against the walls of the arteries

Answer 23

hypertension

Question 24

what is hypertension (numbers)

Answer 24

above 120 over 80

Question 25

what causes hypertension?

Answer 25

increased output of blood by the heart and increased resistance to blood flow

Question 26

a disease that causes arteries to become clogged and narrowed

Answer 26

atherosclerosis

Question 27

general health risks of hypertension

Answer 27

damages vital organs, increases risk of, heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure, stroke, and blindness

Question 28

What are recommended ways of controlling hypertension ?

Answer 28

eating less sodium, exercising regularly, eating a healthy diet, quitting smoking, eating enough potassium

Question 29

a fatty substance a circulates through the blood stream and is an important component of cell membranes and hormones, but can also clog arteries

Answer 29

cholesterol

Question 30

A type of lipoprotein that brings cholesterol from the liver to the organs and tissues that need it, but the excess stays in the blood stream

Answer 30

low-density lipoproteins

Question 31

A type of lipoprotein that moves unused cholesterol to the liver

Answer 31

high-density lipoproteins

Question 32

What is the recommended blood cholesterol level

Answer 32

<5.0 mmol/L

Question 33

cells that line the inside of arteries and help regulate blood flow, but become constricted with excess weight

Answer 33

endothelial cells

Question 34

what occurs when chronically elevated pressures in the heart that can lead to heart failure?

Answer 34

ventricular hypertrophy

Question 35

What are some risks associated with diabetes?

Answer 35

hypertension, obesity, high blood lipid levels, platelets and blood coagulation and dying younger

Question 36

What is most likely to cause diabetes?

Answer 36

gaining excess weight or obesity

Question 37

A type of blood fat that is associated with high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, and high carbohydrate diets. It is also linked to heart disease in high levels.

Answer 37

high triglyceride

Question 38

When the body becomes less sensitive to the effect of insulin leading to rises in blood glucose levels.

Answer 38

insulin resistance

Question 39

When a single person has three of five characteristics that increase risks of heart disease.

Answer 39

metabolic syndrome

Question 40

What occurs when an artery is injured by smoking, cholesterol, hypertension or other factors

Answer 40

inflammation

Question 41

Why is inflammation dangerous?

Answer 41

high levels of C-reactive protein that is released in the inflammatory response can increase risk of a cardiovascular disease.

Question 42

what are the psychological factors that lead to cardiovascular disease?

Answer 42

stress, chronic hostility, suppressing negative emotions, depression, anxiety, social isolation, low SES

Question 43

What are the unavoidable risks of CVD?

Answer 43

Genetics, Aging, Gender, Ethnicity, Geography

Question 44

The thickening and hardening of the arteries due to deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. This causes the arteries to be damaged, starting the inflammation response. Eventually causing a blockage due to all the plaque.

Answer 44

Atherosclerosis

Question 45

The build up of lipids on the walls of blood vessels

Answer 45

plaque

Question 46

A type of atherosclerosis that occurs in the coronary parties that supply the heart with blood that eventually causes a heart attack.

Answer 46

coronary heart disease

Question 47

When does atherosclerosis begin?

Answer 47

in childhood from trauma

Question 48

When the heart muscle is damaged or dies from a lack of blood

Answer 48

heart attack

Question 49

Who is most likely to not have chest pain in a heart attack?

Answer 49

women, ethnic minorities, older adults, and people with diabetes

Question 50

The rate of people having heart attacks is ___

Answer 50

decreasing

Question 51

The chest pain that occurs when the body cannot supply enough oxygen into certain areas due to narrow arteries

Answer 51

angina pectoris

Question 52

What can angina pectoris indicate?

Answer 52

that the heart is working too hard

Question 53

when the electrical conduction system in the heart is disrupted leading to an irregular heart beat

Answer 53

arrhythmia

Question 54

when an arrhythmia cal ventricular fibrillation causes the heart to quiver and be unable to pump blood

Answer 54

sudden cardiac death

Question 55

when an electrical shock is delivered to the heart to restore it's rhythm

Answer 55

electrical defibrillation

Question 56

When a small piece of tube is inserted into an artery up into the coronary arteries and injects a special dye. the dy can be seen moving through the body by a x-ray

Answer 56

coronary angiogram

Question 57

placing a small wire in the artery and inflating a ballon over a narrowed passage to push the plaque against the walls of the artery and increase the passage

Answer 57

ballon angioplasty

Question 58

When a metal tube is placed in an artery that is repeatedly clogged

Answer 58

stenting

Question 59

when a healthy blood vessel is moved from one part of the body to replace an unhealthy one near the heart.

Answer 59

coronary bypass surgery

Question 60

when blood to the brain is cut off causing cells to die

Answer 60

stroke

Question 61

a stroke caused by a blockage in a blood vessel

Answer 61

ischemic stroke

Question 62

A stroke caused by a blockage in the cerebral artery

Answer 62

thrombotic stroke

Question 63

a stroke caused by a blood clot that wanders to the cerebral artery

Answer 63

embolic stroke

Question 64

when a blood vessel in the brain bursts and spills into surrounding tissue

Answer 64

hemorrahagic stroke

Question 65

when the rupture of a blood vessel occurs deep in the brain

Answer 65

intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 66

when the rupture of a blood vessel occurs on the surface of the brain

Answer 66

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 67

when a hemorrhage is caused by a head injuries

Answer 67

aneurysm

Question 68

What is the consequences of a stroke?

Answer 68

decrease in nerve sensation and function like, memory loss, paralysis, walking disability, and changes in behaviour

Question 69

A small stroke that occurs without the person knowing that can predict a larger one

Answer 69

transient ischemic attack

Question 70

What treatments are available for stroke?

Answer 70

physical therapy, blood pressure medication, clot dissolving medications,

Question 71

atherosclerosis in the leg or arm arteries

Answer 71

peripheral arterial disease

Question 72

when the heart cannot maintain adequate pumping rate and force, so fluid backs up in the legs, ankles and lungs.

Answer 72

congestive heart failure

Question 73

Heart defects in newborns like holes in the heart chambers

Answer 73

congenital heart defects