Chapter 7

Question 1

Population Data

Answer 1

Data for every possible relevant case (US census)

Question 2

Sample Data

Answer 2

subset of cases that is drawn from the underlying population (does not mean that it is a random sample every time)

Question 3

Statistical inference

Answer 3

Using what we know about the sample to infer what is likely to be true about the population

Question 4

Outcome:

Answer 4

result of a random observation

Question 5

independent outcomes

Answer 5

2 or more outcomes that have no effect on each other

Question 6

Central Limit Theorem

Answer 6

If we take an infinite number of samples, we can create a normal distribution of the means with the sampling mean= true population mean (must be random sample)

Question 7

Normal Distributions

Answer 7

bell curved, symmetrical around the mean, mean=median=mode, 68-95-99.7 rule

Question 8

Frequency distributions

Answer 8

a distribution of actual scores in a sample

Question 9

sampling distributions

Answer 9

take the means of our frequency distributions and put them on a graph, this graph will be normally distributed even if the data isn’t.

Question 10

68-95-99 rule

Answer 10

if we are looking at a normal distribution, 68% is within the first standard deviation both ways away from the mean, 95% within 2, and 99.7% within 3

Question 11

confidence interval

Answer 11

a probabilistic statement about the likely value of a population characteristic based on the observations in a sample

Question 12

Random sample

Answer 12

a sample where any person in the underlying population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample

Question 13

standard error of the mean

Answer 13

the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sampling means